Anti-corrosion protection of metal structures. Fire protection of metal structures Fire protection treatment of metal structures

Fire protection of metal structures is a set of measures to reduce or completely eliminate the influence of fire and increase the fire resistance of metal for a certain time.

Metals under the influence of high temperatures:

1. become soft, plastic, melt;
2. deform, delaminate, crack;
3. lose strength.

The main danger is the loss of strength by the metal in a fire. A decrease in quality by several points can lead to the collapse of walls; sometimes 3–5 minutes are enough for this. intense direct flame. Building metal structures are non-flammable (NG), therefore the influence of fire is reflected by the term “fire resistance limit” - the time before loss of load-bearing capacity and other abilities.

Regulations

Fire retardant treatment of metal structures is regulated by the following standards:

1. main topics:
   • (facilities);
   • (compositions);
   • (tests, fire resistance);
2. basics of fire hazard, classification, tables:
   • (SP 112.13330.2011) instead of the outdated SNiP 2.01.02-85;
   • SP 21-101, 21-102 (requirements for buildings);
   • Fire protection regime (FPR, );
3. reference books and recommendations:
   • to “Handbook for determining fire resistance limits...” (tables, classes);
4. technical regulations;
   • , ;
5. reference materials of the main acts on the topic, for example:
   • (varnishes, paints);
   • (phosphate coating based on mineral fibers).

Which metal structures are subject to fire protection?

According to the air safety regulations, the following must have fire protection:

1. elements:
   • load-bearing;
   • supporting;
   • with constructive meaning;
   • open;
2. connections, fastenings.

Metal fire protection covers all types of building materials, and most often:

1. steel;
2. cast iron;
3. iron;
4. aluminum.

Examples:

1. all supporting structures;
2. pillars, supports, beams, purlins, trusses;
3. headscarves;
4. columns;
5. stairs;
6. roofing, its parts, supports;
7. frame parts;
8. elements of fire barriers (guides, strengthening, fixing).

It is impossible to create a design for a structure and put it into operation without observing and agreeing on fire protection measures from the gas fire.

No fire protection required:

1. parts that are not structural components of the building;
2. if according to the NPB:
   • the object is not standardized according to the classification of fire hazard and fire resistance;
   • for the building it is allowed to use unprotected metal structures with a resistance limit of R15 and lower.

Fire resistance limit of metal structures without fire protection

Fire resistance depends on:

1. mandatory fire protection;
2. selection of means and methods;
3. deadlines for re-work.

Fire resistance limit is the ability of a metal to prevent the spread of fire and at the same time maintain load-bearing, construction, and enclosing functions for a certain number of minutes.

The fire resistance limit is indicated in Latin letters and numbers (minutes):

• R – load-bearing function;
• E – integrity;
• I – thermal insulation value, extreme point of ignition, heating of nearby objects.

Metal structures without coatings have the minimum resistance, while reinforced concrete has the maximum. Examples: R120 – fire resistance limit 120 min. for a critical reduction in load-bearing capacity.

Calculation of reduced metal thickness

When determining fire protection, the concept of “reduced metal thickness” (RMT) is used. The required processing parameters depend on the PTM.

The calculations take into account NPB 236-97 and display the dependence of the coating thickness on the given metal thickness. The calculation procedure uses several formulas and takes into account the parameters of the section of the part - the perimeter.

Calculation of coating thickness and PTM looks approximately like this:

Table of reduced metal thickness

The file contains tables with ready-made values ​​for the range of construction metal products available on the market. The data required by the technical specifications is compared with the values ​​and manufacturer’s instructions for the selected type of CO.

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Groups of fire-retardant efficiency of metal structures

There are 7 groups of fire retardant efficiency (FE) products. The categories depend on the time at which the critical state of the processed material is reached. The classification is specified in GOST 53295-2009 (clause 5.5.3), “Guide to determining fire resistance limits...”.

	Withstands direct fire (at least, min.)
7 (not fireproof)

Types and methods of fire protection of metal structures

For buildings of 1st and 2nd degrees, structural metal protection is used, and if the reduced thickness is from 5.8 mm, thin-layer metals are used. At R15, with the exception of fire barriers, the use of unprotected elements is allowed.

Funds are grouped:

	Means, methods
Constructive	fencing, equipment; cladding (gypsum plasterboard, gypsum fiber board, etc.).
Treatment	varnishes; paints: Terma Lux Aquest-911 Master Joker 521 OZK-01 Stabitherm-207 Stabitherm-209 Stabitherm-219 VUP-2 VUP-3R Neoflame 513 Phoenix STS OGRAX-MSK DEFENDER ME KEDR-S BM KEDR-MET-KO primers; thin layers of plaster: VPM–2 FENDOLITE®-MII FIBROGAINE® Promat® Neosprey SOSH-1 GeoMix KP formula coatings, mastics: PLAZAS Stabitherm-221 Fire titanium RM Fire titanium LMR Ognetitan LM NEOFLAME RUR 516 KEDR-MET-S01 Ecofire-Constructive
Combined methods	Several ways at the same time. For example: Primer and paint are applied directly to the surface. The metal structure is covered with a fireproof plate.

Fire protection requirements

Air safety regulations contain the minimum requirements for fire protection of metal structures. Taken into account:

1. different classifications of fire resistance (table SNiP 21-01-97, GOST 30247 and SP 2.13130.2012):
   • limits;
   • degrees;
   • classes;
   • types of obstacles;
2. fire danger:
   • constructive;
   • functional.

There are 5 degrees of fire resistance of buildings and their elements. Each corresponds to a resistance limit (clause 5.18, table 4 of SNiP 21-01-97). For example, load-bearing elements from 1 to 4 degrees, respectively, must meet R120, 90, 45, 15. CO must fit the listed parameters.

For each element the following is installed (SNiP 21-01-97):

1. fire resistance limit - for example: according to clause 5.14. walls classified as type 1 and 2 with REI150 / REI45;
2. class - example: for fire barriers - K0 or K1 (clause 5.14).

It is necessary to take into account the characteristics of materials:

1. Structural protection with slabs, brickwork, and concreting is effective, but it will require:
   • metal waterproofing;
   • anchors and reinforcement, since the material cracks at temperatures and expands;
2. It is dangerous to veneer beams, so plaster, cement, and concreting are used.

Means and compositions

Compositions applied to the surface (GOST 53295-2009) create a thin layer without affecting the shape of metal structures. Contains flame retardants. Kinds:

1. paints:
   • intumescent - when heated, they create a coke coating, releasing substances and gases for self-extinguishing. Increases in size by 10–70 times. For example, 4 mm of coating forms 4 cm of protection;
   • non-intumescent- the main component is silicates, “liquid glass”. Like varnishes, but with pigments and greater thickness. They absorb heat, release inhibitors, non-flammable gases, and water. Less effective intumescents;
2. varnishes;
3. pastes, coatings, mastics, plaster (thin layers). They form a coating of up to 2 cm. They differ from paint in their greater dispersion. Contain vermiculite, clay, binders, chemical additives;
4. fireproof primers.

Impregnation is not applied to metal structures due to the inability to penetrate deep into the treated surface.

Types of fire protection compositions:

1. for places:
   • open;
   • closed;
2. for premises:
   • heated;
   • unheated;
   • with special conditions;
3. according to the specific application:
   • applied to the surface;
   • in combination with other RMs;
4. according to the properties of the metal:
   • for galvanizing or plain steel.

Protective structures

Structural methods of protecting metal structures from fire modify, complement or improve the object itself, not just its surface. Create a thick thermal insulation coating or barrier:

1. thick layer sprayed insulation;
2. plaster;
3. brickwork, concreting;
4. slabs, fencing with internal filling:
   • with mineral wool, with fiberglass;
   • with fire-fighting powders and similar compositions;
5. sheet, roll materials, windings:
   • mineral winding (with basalt, fiberglass, foil);
6. protective screens, suspended ceilings.

Recommendations for the use of fire retardant coatings for metal structures

Protective equipment is supplied with instructions, certificate, technical documentation (TD), registered by government agencies and containing (clause 4.2. GOST 53295-2009):

1. OE group;
2. consumption per m², thickness, density;
3. application technology:
   • Preparation;
   • priming;
   • layers;
   • drying time;
4. warranty periods, storage conditions.

Each product has its own application nuances. The application technology recommended by the manufacturer is carefully followed, and the as-built documentation takes it into account. For example, work without a primer may not be considered fire protection if its use is provided for in the TD composition.

Application technologies

Application requirements:

1. several layers, each must dry;
2. when applying several compounds, anti-corrosion preparation and primer are required;
3. surface:
   • cleared;
   • polished;
   • low fat;
4. apply:
   • frames are simple or with air gaps;
   • anchors, reinforcement.

Application technologies:

1. spraying, dusting;
2. wrapping;
3. pasting;
4. coating;
5. applying paintwork;
6. cladding;
7. plastering;
8. laying tiles, bricks, concrete.

Example of work step by step:

1. Fire protection project.
2. Surface cleaning. Sandblasting is often used, which simultaneously
   creates a perfectly clean surface and roughness (adhesion) for adhesion to CO.
3. Primer.
4. Coating with a composition with periods for drying the layers.
5. At the finishing stages, decorative layers and varnishes are applied.

Work is carried out only by organizations licensed by the Ministry of Emergency Situations (clause 4.3 of GOST 53295-2009) and includes the creation of a project with calculations and a technological map. The cost of processing per m² depends on the volume of work performed, the complexity and the CRM used: for paint the approximate price is from 450 to 900 rubles.

Application equipment

To apply CO, use:

1. spray guns;
2. production conditions, paint shops, cameras;
3. special equipment for spraying with a fire hose;
4. kneading tools (drill with attachment);
5. manual work is done with rollers, spatulas, brushes;
6. for bricklaying and concreting, standard tools will be required: mixing containers, trowels;
7. for rolled materials, plasterboard sheets: non-flammable fastening elements, adhesives.

Frequency of processing of metal structures

The frequency rule is established in Resolution No. 113 of February 17, 2014:

1. if there are no manufacturer’s instructions - once a year;
2. within the period specified by the manufacturer in the technical documentation or in the warranty;
3. the date is set by the fire inspector in the order if deficiencies are found.

The validity period of fire protection products for metal is longer than - about 10 - 20 years. The time frame for concrete, brick fences, and slab cladding can reach 50 years or more.

Checking the quality of fire protection treatment of steel structures

The presence of fire protection and passing inspection confirms:

1. certificates of quality, inspections;
2. act of hidden work;
3. additional papers: thickness measurement report, testing.

Documents have official significance only if they are signed by a representative of the fire inspection authorities who verify the compliance of the completed safety regulations. The papers are issued by a contractor who has a license for application and examination work.

The procedure includes:

1. visual methods (inspection);
2. instrumental (with or without destruction);
   • magnetometer;
   • particle sampling;
3. testing, processing examination. Specialized licensed laboratories are involved.

Check frequency

1. The first check is after finishing is completed.
2. Subsequent quality control - in accordance with PPR No. 390 dated March 25, 2012, at least once a year.

Fire supervision uses the manual “Assessing the quality of fire protection ...” for the procedure. The owner of the facility must organize the procedures (clause 21 of the PPR).

Certificate of inspection of fire retardant treatment of metal structures: sample

An act of verification of the processing status is created by a commission of representatives of the owner of the object and the State Border Service.

Good day, my friends and readers of my blog. Anyone interested in the topic of fire safety knows that it is much easier to prevent a fire than to fight it. There are a lot of technologies on how to protect your property, production base and protect people’s lives from fire. Therefore, in today’s article I will tell you what fire protection treatment of metal structures is and how effective it is.

Even if you think that by installing metal doors, stairs and structures, you will protect the building from the spread of flame, you are deeply mistaken. Yes, metal is a non-flammable solid, however, with prolonged exposure to high temperatures, it begins to melt and deform.

To avoid unpleasant consequences and protect the material as much as possible, it is necessary to process not only fabric, material, wooden surfaces, but also metal structures.

But let's talk about everything in order.

Fire retardant metal treatment includes a whole range of measures and technologies, the purpose of which is to create maximum surface protection from destruction at high temperatures. This is achieved by applying a special fire-resistant chemical composition, which creates a reliable heat-insulating layer and prevents metal elements from deforming during combustion.

The requirements for the protection of metal structures are set by SNiP and they are expressed in the degree of fire resistance and the time during which the metal structure will withstand high temperatures without deforming or collapsing.

Experts classify 5 groups of fire resistance of structures:

• Over 2.5 hours of exposure to temperatures of 500 0 C;
• 120 minutes;
• 60 minutes;
• 45 minutes;
• 30 minutes.

How do treated metal structures behave during a fire?

One of the serious threats to a building during a fire is the destruction of metal structures, which are the skeleton and, when deformed, can lead to large-scale destruction of the entire building.

How to solve this problem? There are 2 main ways:

• Do not place flammable materials in close proximity to metal. Even if the structure is coated with the highest degree of fire-resistant paint, the presence of flammable materials near it can significantly reduce the effectiveness of protection. All this is thought out at the design stage. Specialists conduct an audit, calculating the weakest points and potential threats to metal structures, developing measures to eliminate them.
• Technical solutions. Today, there are many technologies available to provide effective fire protection, including special paint treatments, frame protection and much more.

The degree of fire resistance of structures is influenced not only by the high-quality treatment with a fire retardant compound, but also by the technology of building construction. During construction, specialists must provide maximum protection to metal elements from corrosion, rotting, and deformation.

Metal structures processing technology

Metal elements are treated with a special protective coating at the factory, at the stage of coating with an anti-corrosion compound. Depending on the category of the room, metal elements are coated with a composition with varying degrees of fire resistance.

Also, atmospheric factors influence the degree of fire resistance and composition of the mixture. If the metal is intended for the construction of industrial premises that will be directly affected by weather conditions, then specialists use special winter protection for processing.

The duration of the fire retardant film is at least 20 years. Although this parameter can be influenced by a number of factors: negative environmental impacts, low qualifications of the team that carried out the treatment.

Many people are probably interested in the question: what will happen if the structure is not treated? A metal element that is not treated with a special refractory compound will lose its solid properties within 25 minutes after exposure to temperatures above 500 0 C.

What needs to be “protected”?

According to the requirements of SNiP, all support, node and load-bearing beams of a building structure must be subjected to fire retardant coating.

• Flights of stairs;
• Headscarves;
• Support columns;
• Reinforced concrete partitions;
• Runs.

Choosing a processing method

Parts are treated with paints, primers, varnishes and special impregnations that create a reliable film.

The most affordable method is processing with paste and plaster. The downside is that the paste increases the weight of the structure, which is not always acceptable.

Paint or varnish is a more expensive but effective material that provides the maximum degree of protection. Average fire resistance when applying special varnish is 60-90 minutes.

A multi-complex solution (plaster + paint) is reliable protection that will increase the fire resistance limit to 2.5 hours.

Do you want to maximize the protection of your building? We should not forget about fire protection treatment of wooden structures, which will buy time to call the rescue service and evacuate people.

Often, careless developers, wanting to reduce the price of construction, do not comply with the requirements of SNiP and order fire-retardant coating for metal structures that does not correspond to the type of building. All this information is reflected in technical and design documentation, which can be easily verified.

Despite the fairly high price of fire protection work, the frequency of the procedure is approximately once every 20-25 years.

If you want to study this topic in more detail, I recommend that you read clause 21 of PPR No. 390 dated April 25, 2012, which regulates the standards for fire-retardant coatings for premises.

I hope you found this article helpful. Subscribe to the news so as not to miss useful things and keep abreast of changes in Fire Safety Rules, share comments and links on social networks.

Despite the variety of existing building materials, people continue to actively use wood and metal structures in the construction industry. The main thing is to take timely care of possible undesirable processes to which these materials are unstable, for example, combustion. Fire retardant treatment of wooden structures is an indispensable condition for fire safety in a wooden structure. In industrial premises where metal structures are widely used, fire-retardant treatment of metal structures is also necessary. Fire and, as a consequence, ignition of wooden and metal structures is impossible without favorable and conducive conditions. Wood ignition begins at temperatures above 230°C. As the temperature rises, persistent and long-lasting combustion continues. A sudden ignition can occur without exposure to an open flame, with rapid heating for a few minutes to a temperature of 330°C, if fire-retardant treatment of wooden structures has not been carried out. This is a determining circumstance that must be taken into account when placing wooden structures near heating objects (heating appliances, open fireplaces, chimneys, etc.).

Wood burning is a process that takes place in several stages, starting from the release of moisture contained in the wood and moving or evaporating in the process, and ending with an open flame with the formation of a layer of coal on the surface. Unlike metal structures, wooden structures do not bend when reaching a critical temperature.

Fire protection can be:

Constructive (elimination of conditions conducive to fire);

Chemical (fire-retardant wood treatment - fire impregnation or painting).

In order to prevent the spread of fire, wooden structures must be separated by fire barriers and areas of fire-resistant structures. Wooden enclosing structures should not have interconnected cavities with air draft, through which the flame will spread intensively and cannot be extinguished. Elements of wooden structures must be massive glued or paving stones, having greater fire resistance limits than planks. Ordinary plaster significantly increases the fire resistance of wooden walls and ceilings.

Fire retardant treatment of attic spaces

Attic spaces are usually called the space between the roof and the ceiling of the top floor. Experts consider these places to be the most fire-hazardous; accordingly, special fire-retardant treatment of attic spaces is required. In most cases, the design of the attic space involves the presence of wood (rafters, trusses, etc.). In addition, the temperature in the attic is highest during the hot season. This is where electrical equipment (antennas, etc.) is often installed, as well as cable power lines. Fire retardant treatment of the attic space will improve the fire safety of the building as a whole. During the work, specialists treat the surface with an antiseptic, increasing the wood’s resistance to humidity and temperature changes. Wooden structures are impregnated with a fire retardant compound that slows down the combustion process.

Fire retardant treatment of metal structures

Forms heat-insulating screens on the surface that can withstand high temperatures and slow down the heating of the metal, interrupting the effect of fire.

There are two types of fire protection for metal structures:

1) traditional (using methods of plastering with cement-sand mortars and concreting;

2) painting with lightweight materials (expanded perlite, vermiculite, mineral fiber, substances that have high thermal insulation properties.

Fire retardant treatment of wooden structures allows you to comprehensively protect yourself from negative consequences. Substances used for impregnation are called fire retardants (phosphoric or sulfuric acid, ammonium salts). Simultaneously with antiseptic treatment, wood is impregnated in autoclaves. When burned, fire retardants melt and a protective film is formed. Painting that protects wood from burning is based on liquid glass, superfluorine, etc.

The TECHNOCOM company will comprehensively and comprehensively take care of your safety, carry out fire-retardant treatment of wooden structures and prevent possible undesirable consequences.

Despite modern technologies and the emergence of new synthetic materials, wood has not lost its popularity. The beautiful texture of wood, the feeling of closeness to nature, environmental friendliness - all this makes millions of people around the world choose natural materials as decoration for their homes.

An integral rule of fire safety is the fire-retardant treatment of wood. For these purposes, as a rule, various impregnations, paints and coatings are used. In addition to preventing fire, the products retain the original wood texture, which is visible under the coating.

The means used to protect wood from fire must comply with special regulatory requirements. Fire retardant treatment of wooden structures is carried out only by certified specialists. This seemingly simple procedure should be entrusted to professionals.

When choosing materials to preserve your wooden buildings, pay attention to their composition. Only high-quality components will provide reliable fire protection and extend the service life of structures for several years or even decades.

Do not neglect the procedure for fire-retardant treatment of wood with special compounds, because at some point this can save your life!

Corrosion- destruction of the material under the influence of an aggressive environment.

To increase the operating time of structures, anti-corrosion treatment- painting the surface with a protective composition to prevent corrosion.

In this section we will look at the anti-corrosion protection of concrete, reinforced concrete and metal structures.

The cost of our services is anti-corrosion protection of concrete and metal indicated (sections on coloring and hydrophobization).

Preparing surfaces before applying a protective coating

Before treating the surface with a protective composition, it is necessary to carefully prepare it. Preparation is carried out differently depending on the material and the degree of its wear, but the general rule is surface needs to be cleaned from old coatings and all types of contamination.

The cleaning method we use is sandblasting, the prices for which are indicated. This method is well suited for large volumes of work (from 150 m²). For small volumes, sandblasting is not used; cleaning must be done manually (with metal brushes), using power tools or using chemicals.

Protection of reinforced concrete structures from corrosion

Anti-corrosion protection of concrete structures primarily requires preventing the penetration of moisture. Water easily penetrates into the pores of untreated concrete, where it can freeze and expand, creating cracks, and some chemical compounds, once in the concrete along with water, wash away its constituent parts, making it brittle.

Protection of concrete structures from corrosion requires hydrophobization or surface painting. Before applying the coating, we clean the concrete and make sure there is no dirt or moisture left on the surface. This set of measures ensures the durability and reliability of concrete structures.

Protecting concrete from corrosion - photos of our work

We invite you to familiarize yourself with the work performed on cleaning and painting concrete on the pages of our PORTFOLIO. Cleaning and anti-corrosion protection of concrete, in particular, are carried out during repairs in production premises and workshops .

Preparing metal before anti-corrosion protection

Metal surface preparation may include:

Cleaning from scale and rust;
- cleaning from oils, greases, old coatings;
- surface degreasing;
- drying the cleaned surface;
- blowing with dry compressed air to remove dust.

Under factory painting conditions, the highest degree of purification (Sa-3) is used. Before painting, a less thorough cleaning is performed at the installation site (Sa-2, Sa-2.5).

Protection of metal structures from corrosion

To protect metal structures from corrosion, we use special enamels and paints. Paint and varnish coatings have a number of advantages compared to other metal processing methods (electrochemical, cold galvanizing, etc.):

• ease of application;
• decorative function (any color);
• the ability to process structures of complex configuration;
• relatively low cost.

Protection of metal structures - photos and videos of our work

We invite you to familiarize yourself with examples of our work on cleaning and painting metal structures on the pages of our PORTFOLIO.

We fulfill anti-corrosion protection metal structures, but we do NOT deal with cars, parts, rims. For questions related to small products, please contact OUR PARTNERS.

Selected examples VIDEO and PHOTO - work on anti-corrosion protection of metal