Causes of delinquent behavior in adolescents. Deviant and delinquent behavior

Delinquent behavior (from the Latin delictum - misconduct) is called antisocial and illegal behavior. These are actions or inactions aimed at causing harm to individuals or society as a whole. The term is used by criminologists, teachers, sociologists, psychologists and representatives of other branches of science.

Definition of the concept

In any society there is a set of traditions and rules, including unwritten ones, thanks to which people can get along comfortably with each other. There are also mechanisms that enforce compliance with these rules in one form or another. This includes not only law enforcement agencies, but also a person’s conscience and morals: fear of condemnation from loved ones or remorse is a factor which often forces one to follow generally accepted norms.

A society that is undergoing constant reforms is more susceptible to manifestations of delinquent behavior. This phenomenon is natural: the old norms of behavior have already been abolished, and the new ones have not yet taken root, since they have not yet had time to take root in the consciousness of ordinary people. For this reason, any reforms and revolutions are accompanied by an increase in the crime rate against the background of delinquency of the population. As an example, a chronically high crime rate in Brazil can be taken as a form of delinquency, which is due to the economic inequality of citizens and the regular change of political regimes.

Deviance and delinquency

Delinquent behavior is an absolute concept related to the legislative framework of a particular state. However, it also covers those actions for which formal punishment is not provided. It should be clarified that delinquent and deviant are not absolutely identical definitions.

Deviant behavior is one that may differ from generally accepted norms, but not every deviation is a crime. Any delinquent behavior recognized as a form of deviance, but the opposite statement depends on the legislation of the state. Example: homosexuality, the most common sexual deviation, is punishable by death in some countries. In other societies, there is a more loyal attitude towards this phenomenon: from outright condemnation in society, which does not entail criminal liability, to tolerant or absolutely neutral.

Types of delinquent behavior

The main forms of delinquent behavior are: crime, which includes drug addiction and prostitution. According to research by the French-Belgian statistician Kegle, crimes occur in any social system, regardless of the welfare of the population. It is impossible to completely eradicate crime, but this phenomenon can be controlled.

The main reason for drug use is interest and thirst for new experiences. In most cases, the risk group is young people who take the first dose under the influence of friends or acquaintances.

Prostitution, which is rightfully considered the oldest profession, appeared with the division of labor and the development of monogamous marriages. Even the medieval Catholic Church was forced to put up with this phenomenon. There are 3 types of government policies regarding prostitution:

• Complete ban;
• Registration as labor activity and medical supervision;
• Carrying out explanatory and preventive work.

Practice shows, that from an economic point of view, the legalization of these phenomena is primarily beneficial to the state. Holland, where prostitution and so-called “soft” drugs (for example, marijuana) are legalized, is visited by hundreds of thousands of tourists every year. The treasury is replenished not only by rich foreigners, but also by local “entrepreneurs” who regularly pay taxes.

Less dangerous forms of delinquent behavior are various administrative offenses, often provoked by the deviant personality type of the offender. The signs of delinquent behavior in this case are not so clearly expressed:

Such behavior, other than public censure, often has no consequences. Intruder, confident in his own impunity, “gets the taste” and can move on to more serious types of violations.

Also, delinquent behavior includes various disciplinary offenses: absenteeism, failure to fulfill work duties, appearing at the place of work or study while intoxicated, violation of labor safety standards. This type of delinquency is the most harmless. But this is not a reason to stop fighting such phenomena.

Adolescent delinquency

In adolescents, this type of behavior usually occurs under the influence of more experienced friends who have bad habits. The friend himself is not necessarily deviant or antisocial personality. A group of teenagers who are not interested in serious activities such as sports, art or science are left to their own devices. Out of boredom, they begin to look for entertainment that can give a jolt, or even tickle their nerves. Many find an outlet in alcohol and then in drugs, which is already illegal behavior.

Excess hormones often pushes us to rash actions - conflicts that end in fights, theft from supermarkets in order to “show off our prowess,” bullying of peers or animals. Much depends on temperament: aggressiveness, adventurism, choleric personality type are fertile soil for the emergence of delinquency. Based on their characteristics, such adolescents can be divided into three groups:

This doesn't mean at all that all teenagers, without exception, are like this. An example is any “positive” teenager who does not skip school, does homework, is socially active and is passionate about some hobby.

Criminologists believe that socio-economic factors significantly influence the delinquency of adolescents. Young people are highly susceptible to the influence of any factors and information: they absorb everything new like a sponge. With the correct presentation of the facts, when any crime is justified, a teenager can easily be persuaded to deviant behavior, since his development is still underdeveloped. This is an additional reason for parents controlled the interests of the teenager and nipped any type of delinquency in the bud. Despite the influence of teachers at school, the family is the main guiding and nurturing force.

On the other hand, family relationships can also cause delinquency. Inappropriate bad attitude on the part of parents is a guarantee that the teenager will look for other authorities who will not always teach good things. Often a quarrel in the family is the reason for leaving home, skipping school, fighting or hooliganism . Most serious offenses are not caused by the influence of the streets, but by relationships with members of their own family. It is worth noting that the reasons may lie not in open conflict, but also in a cold, distant attitude on the part of parents.

Often the origins of delinquency lie in the teenager’s rejection either at home or at school. Although the child may not show this in any way, the opinion of teachers, especially the class teacher, is very important to him. Often this is the second most important authority in the eyes of a teenager. The attitude of the director of extracurricular activities, for example, a coach in a sports section, is also important. In the absence of “feedback”, approval and support from teachers and parents, the teenager withdraws into himself. Over time, sadness gives way to aggression, and this is one of the reasons for committing various types of offenses.

Many teachers consider the main reason for delinquency to be a large amount of free time, when a teenager is left to his own devices, and a lack of hobbies, except for the most primitive ones. Empty conversations with peers, aimless “wandering” through the streets, watching TV or unhelpful Internet sites provoke personal degradation and degeneration of morality. Boredom becomes the reason try new sensations: alcohol, drugs, toxic substances.

Adolescent development occurs quickly. Therefore, it is necessary to pay due attention to crime prevention. It is important to instill in a young person the correct moral standards, making a conscious choice not out of fear of punishment for an offense, but because of its unacceptability.

Psychologists agree that the reasons for an adult’s delinquent behavior lie in his childhood and adolescence. As a rule, it is more difficult to lead an adult, fully formed personality “astray from the true path.” Moral principles– this is the main reason that keeps a person from committing a crime, even if he is confident of complete impunity. On the other hand, it is difficult to re-educate an adult who commits any kind of violation: the character has already been formed, and if there are no moral standards, there is nowhere for them to come from. Therefore, crime prevention and proper upbringing of children and adolescents are important factors determining the behavior of any individual in adulthood.

One of the forms of deviant behavior of adolescents is delinquent behavior. But delinquent behavior is often confused with deviant behavior, which is a broader concept of deviant behavior and includes such forms of deviation as drug addiction, alcoholism, prostitution, etc. Therefore, before considering the delinquent behavior of adolescents, it is necessary to briefly characterize deviant behavior in order to have an idea of ​​​​the difference between these two forms of deviant behavior of adolescents.

Deviant behavior is a system of actions that deviate from the generally accepted or implied norm (mental health, rights, culture, morality).

Deviant behavior is qualitatively different (in its social danger) from lawful behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to know what personality traits of a teenager determine a conscious preference for this particular behavior option. Deviant (deviant) behavior is behavior in which deviations from social norms are persistently manifested, including deviations of both selfish, aggressive orientation and deviations of a socially passive nature. According to V.M. Volkova (4; p. 13), deviant behavior is an act that does not correspond to officially established or actually established norms and expectations in a given society. And a social phenomenon, expressed in relatively massive and sustainable forms of human activity that do not correspond to officially established or actually established norms and expectations in a given society.

Deviant behavior is divided into two broad categories. First, it is behavior that deviates from the norms of mental health, implying the presence of overt or hidden psychopathology. Secondly, this behavior is antisocial, violating some social and cultural norms, especially legal ones. When such actions are relatively minor, they are called offenses, and when they are serious and punishable by criminal law, they are called crimes. Accordingly, they talk about delinquent (illegal) and criminal (criminal) behavior (5; p. 237).

In the modern world, the task of ensuring social stability and preserving the positive features of social existence is becoming increasingly urgent. A significant obstacle to its solution is the phenomenon of deviant behavior. According to Ya. Gilinsky, deviant behavior “is always associated with some kind of discrepancy between human actions, actions, and activities with values, rules (norms) and behavioral stereotypes, expectations, and attitudes prevalent in society or its groups. This can be not only a violation of formal (legal) or informal (morality, customs, traditions, fashion) norms, but also a deviant lifestyle, a deviant style of behavior that does not correspond to those accepted in a given society, environment, group" (6; p. 22).

Delinquency usually begins with school truancy and joining an antisocial peer group. This is followed by petty hooliganism, bullying of the younger and weaker, taking away small pocket money from children, stealing (for the purpose of riding) bicycles and motorcycles. Less common are fraud and petty speculative transactions that cause behavior in public places. This may be accompanied by “domestic thefts” of small amounts of money. All these actions while a minor are not grounds for punishment in accordance with the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.

However, adolescents can exhibit greater delinquent activity and thus cause a lot of trouble. Typically, delinquency is the most common reason for proceedings in juvenile affairs commissions.

The reasons why children and adolescents fall into the so-called risk group are rooted in the attitude towards them from the family, society and the state. According to the head of the NAS Foundation, member of the Public Chamber under the President of the Russian Federation O.V. Zykov, the main thing is the fate of the child and his conflict in the microsociety. And antisocial behavior is a protest, an attempt to attract the attention of adults. An offense committed by a child is always a continuation of some kind of offense, violence, injustice of adults towards him (7; p. 6).

The reasons for the existence and functioning of delinquent behavior in different socio-economic formations and in different historical conditions are not the same. However, their explanation has something in common: these contradictions are always based on objective social contradictions. The social nature of delinquent behavior is beyond doubt. It “exists in society, thanks to society and in connection with the conditions of this society” (8; p. 40). However, when speaking about delinquent behavior, one should keep in mind a specific society, a specific normative system and specific deviations from the norms operating in a given society.

Any change in the social system, causing deep upheavals in the economic, social and spiritual spheres of life, leads to an increase in delinquent behavior. For modern Russia, the reasons for the wide spread of various forms of delinquent behavior are: the difficult economic state of society, the growing gap between poverty and wealth, the weakening of state power, the destruction of positive value orientations, the decline of morality and culture. The change of the state regime and ineffective socio-economic reforms have led Russia to pronounced socio-economic inequality of the population, to very significant differences in the real opportunities to satisfy their needs. All this gives rise to envy, dissatisfaction, and social conflicts, which often result in various forms of delinquent behavior. “Millions of people feel disadvantaged, and this always carries the threat of protesting behavior...” (9; p. 67).

When considering the socio-economic causes of delinquent behavior, one cannot underestimate the role of the spiritual, moral factor, or, in other words, the importance of subjective reasons. From time immemorial, people have explained violations of social norms by bad habits, lack of education, low public morality, that is, they looked for the reasons for delinquent manifestations in the sphere of public consciousness, which, with a certain approach, can be called the culture of a given society (8; p. 48).

As a rule, culture is understood as “the biologically non-inherited content of the joint life and activity of people, which is artificial objects created by people” (10; p. 134). A distinction is made between material culture (technology, tools, household items, etc.) and spiritual culture (sciences, various teachings, scientific knowledge, legal and moral norms, ideals, value orientations, skills, behaviors, views, etc.).

Spiritual culture develops historically, under the influence of many factors. Sociologists have proven that there is a direct and inverse connection between the morals of people (that is, spiritual culture) and their way of life, which is understood as “the totality of typical types of life activity of an individual, a social group, society as a whole in unity with the conditions of their life” (11; p. .500). Therefore, different social groups in any society have characteristic features of spiritual culture. Consequently, social groups with delinquent behavior have a certain, different from others (delinquent) spiritual culture. Within the framework of general culture, the culture of individual social groups acts as a subculture. Subculture refers to small cultural worlds - a system of values, attitudes, ways of behavior and lifestyle that is inherent in a smaller social community, spatially and socially isolated to a greater or lesser extent. At the same time, subcultural attributes, values, rituals and other stable patterns of behavior, as a rule, differ from the values ​​and patterns of behavior in the dominant culture, although they are closely related to them (12; p. 169). It is the spiritual culture that is subject to various negative influences, influence and penetration of the delinquent subculture.

The higher the level of delinquent manifestations, the greater the influence the delinquent subculture has on the state of the general spiritual culture of the entire society. Being the basis of the value system of social groups with delinquent behavior, the delinquent subculture comes into conflict with a socially approved system of cultural norms. Thus, a complex of contradictions between public cultural norms and the norms of individual subcultures acts as a deviantogenic factor. Currently in Russia, a high level of deviation contributes to the spread of a delinquent subculture. At the same time, the younger generation is primarily exposed to it.

A wide range of factors are known that influence the mental health of children and adolescents. Among them there are many that have psychogenic properties. The identification of active psychogenic etiological principles is one of the priority scientific directions.

Among the factors that are of paramount importance for the formation of the mental health of children and adolescents, the family occupies an important place as an indispensable environment for their life. Determining the significance of individual family parameters in the mental health problems of adolescents is one of the ways to decipher the cause-and-effect mechanism of the growth of mental illnesses among young people.

According to F.E. Sheregi, the main reasons that negatively affect the behavior of minors, do not resist, but contribute to their commission of offenses, include: raising children in a single-parent family; presence of convicted relatives in the family (parents, brothers, sisters, grandparents); alcohol abuse by adult family members, scandals, fights, sexual promiscuity; difficult financial situation, poor living conditions of families, need for food and clothing; low legal culture, legal nihilism of parents and other adult family members; rudeness, cruelty, domestic violence, raising children in conditions of emotional hunger (13; 14, pp. 103-113).

Under such conditions, it is very difficult to return a minor from a risk group to a prosperous environment.

In the sphere of leisure, most offenders typically spend chaotic and aimless time (often as part of peer groups with a negative orientation), idlely “wandering” through the streets, and participating in drinking sessions. For the majority of people in this category, motivations, interests, and desires come down to consumerism, the possession of things that cause the envy of others, the desire for constant entertainment, and the ability not to deny oneself the desires that arise. Due to such psychological attitudes and everyday attitudes, selfish habits are formed, situations are created that promote crime, including in connection with group drinking, consumption of drugs and other stimulants, gambling, etc.

In recent years, the loss of a sense of responsibility of some adolescents, combined with inflated demands and unbridled needs, has been a source of serious concern. There is an increase in delinquent attitudes and preferences among the younger generation.

The immediate cause of delinquent behavior in adolescents lies in shifts and defects in social and psychological characteristics. These distortions are formed mainly through the assimilation of the views of the corresponding microenvironment. Most authors talk about moral depravity, legal infantilism or legal infantilism and moral neglect.

The overwhelming majority of adolescent delinquency has purely social causes - shortcomings in upbringing, first of all.

Delinquency is not always associated with character anomalies or psychopathologies. However, with some of these anomalies, including extreme variants of the norm in the form of character accentuations, there is less resistance to the adverse effects of the immediate environment, greater susceptibility to harmful influences (15; p. 67).

The appearance of socially disapproved forms of behavior indicates a condition called social maladjustment. No matter how varied these forms are, they are almost always characterized by poor relationships with other children, which manifest themselves in fights, quarrels, or, for example, aggressiveness, defiant disobedience, destructive actions or deceit.

They may also include antisocial behavior such as theft, truancy and arson. There are important connections between these different behaviors. They manifest themselves in the fact that those children who were aggressive and cocky at early school age are more likely to show a tendency towards antisocial behavior as they grow older.

Adolescents with so-called socialized forms of antisocial behavior are not characterized by emotional disorders and, moreover, they easily adapt to social norms within those antisocial groups of friends than relatives to which they belong. Such children often come from large families where inadequate educational measures are used and where antisocial behavior is learned from the immediate family environment.

On the contrary, a poorly socialized, aggressive child has very bad relationships with other children and with his family. Negativism, aggressiveness, insolence and vindictiveness are the main traits of his character.

All forms of deviant behavior naturally lead to violations of legal norms. Going beyond social rules, accompanied by extraordinary cruelty, is always suspicious as a possible mental anomaly.

Deviant and delinquent forms of behavior are an adaptation to the social and psychological realities of adolescence and youth, although condemned by society for their extremism.

Delinquent behavior- antisocial illegal behavior of an individual, embodied in his actions (actions or inactions), causing harm to both individual citizens and society as a whole.

Features of delinquent behavior:

2) Delinquent behavior is regulated primarily by legal norms - laws, regulations, disciplinary rules.

3) Illegal behavior is recognized as one of the most dangerous forms of deviation, since it threatens the very foundations of the social structure - public order.

4) Individual behavior is actively condemned and punished in any society.

delinquent behavior is regulated by special social institutions: courts, investigative bodies, places of deprivation of liberty.

5) Illegal behavior inherently means the presence of a conflict between the individual and society - between individual aspirations and public interests.

Characteristics of adolescent delinquency.

Delinquent behavior means a chain of misdeeds, misdeeds, minor offenses that differ from crime, that is, serious offenses and crimes punishable under the Criminal Code.

Delinquency usually begins with school truancy and joining an antisocial peer group. This is followed by petty hooliganism, bullying of the younger and weaker, taking away small pocket money from children (in the slang of delinquent teenagers it is indicated by the expression “shaking money”; the child is forced to jump to hear if his coins jingle), theft (for the purpose of going for a ride) bicycles and motorcycles, which are then abandoned anywhere. Less common are fraud, small illegal speculative transactions (“farming”), causing behavior in public places. This may include “domestic thefts” of small amounts of money.

The overwhelming majority of adolescent delinquency has purely social causes - shortcomings in upbringing, first of all. From 30 to 85% of delinquent adolescents, according to various authors, grow up in an incomplete family, that is, without a father, or in a deformed family - with a newly appeared stepfather or, less often, with a stepmother.

The growth of delinquency among adolescents is facilitated by social upheavals that lead to fatherlessness and deprivation of family care; An example in our country is the army of street children after the civil war, which reached more than four million

Factors in the formation of delinquent behavior. Illegal motivation.

Soc.-psychol. Factors.

evaluates deviant, delinquent behavior at levels and criteria corresponding to these levels. Let's take a closer look at each of them:

The first level - delinquent behavior is characterized by the following indicators. In unstable value orientations, a teenager’s priorities are intimate and personal communication. Theft, aggression, and bad habits are rejected. At the same time, the teenager experiences a disruption of positive connections (self-knowledge, self-expression, self-affirmation, self-defense). A teenager sometimes does not comply with the norms prescribed to him, there is a completely normal violation of elementary prohibitions, unexpressed addictions due to a crisis period.

The second level, the “risk zone,” is characterized by deformation of value orientations. The number of social connections decreases, interpersonal contacts with negative informal groups begin. Drinking alcoholic beverages, stealing, and avoiding organized activities are more pronounced. There is a high probability of antisocial behavior, for which a little pressure is enough.

The third level is asocial, characterized by a large shift in values ​​and priorities. Concepts such as work, family, school, as a rule, are categorically rejected. The number of social connections decreases even more, but at the same time the number of conflict connections increases.

V.N. Kudryavtsev believes that a criminal career, as a rule, begins with poor studies and alienation from school (negative and hostile attitudes towards it). Then alienation from the family occurs against the background of family problems and “non-pedagogical” methods of education. Against the backdrop of social maladaptation of a teenager’s personality, accentuated character traits, internal loneliness and helplessness, they enter a criminal, “host” group and commit an offense.

Social factors.

disadvantages of upbringing first of all. From 30 to 85% of delinquent adolescents grow up in an incomplete family, i.e. without a father, or in a deformed family - with a newly appeared stepfather, less often, with a stepmother. The growth of delinquency among adolescents is accompanied by social upheavals, leading to fatherlessness and deprivation of family care.

3) microsocial factors causing delinquency:

Frustration of the child's need for tender care and affection from parents (for example, an extremely harsh father or an insufficiently caring mother), which in turn causes early traumatic experiences of the child;

Physical or psychological cruelty or cult of power in the family (for example, excessive or constant use of punishment);

Insufficient influence of the father (for example, in his absence), which impedes the normal development of moral consciousness;

Acute trauma (illness, death of a parent, violence, divorce) with fixation on traumatic circumstances

Indulging the child in fulfilling his desires; insufficient demands of parents, their inability to put forward consistently increasing demands or achieve their fulfillment;

Overstimulation of the child - too intense early loving relationships with parents and siblings

Inconsistency of requirements for the child on the part of the parents, as a result of which the child does not have a clear understanding of the norms of behavior;

Change of parents (guardians);

Chronically expressed conflicts between parents (the situation is especially dangerous when a cruel father beats his mother);

Undesirable personality traits of parents (for example, the combination of an undemanding father and an indulgent mother);

The child’s assimilation of delinquent values ​​(explicit or hidden) through learning in the family or in a group.

Macro factors.

At the regional, regional, national level: crime is higher in large cities; media influence; depends on economic development; depends on unfavorable periods in the country (anomie, crisis)

Macrosocial factors

Areas of cities (there are more dangerous ones), level of educational institution.

Biological factors

Biologist. predisposition, heredity.

Illegal motivation- a set of motives that exceed the motives not to commit a crime (i.e. they push to commit a crime)

The most uncontrollable age is adolescence. Not only the teenager himself does not control his actions, but also parents, teachers, and society. The difficulty lies in the fact that teenagers commit harmful and sometimes criminal acts. This is also called delinquent behavior, forms and examples of which will be discussed on the psychological help website.

Teenagers are difficult because it is no longer possible to come to an agreement with them on the same principles that operated previously. Now the “baby” does not listen, does not obey, and does the opposite. Protesting and standing up for one's opinion are acceptable forms of teenage behavior that are simply...

Another form of behavior is delinquent, when a teenager no longer just protests, but tries to prove something. Often he makes the evidence available to himself, society and his friends. Like, “I can behave like an adult.” But everyone’s understanding of what an adult does is different.

The most common behavior among teenagers is:

• Early involvement in sexual relations.
• Use of drugs, alcohol, smoking.

Teenagers believe that this behavior makes them adults because older people behave this way. However, in some cases we may be talking about criminal acts, for example, beating a person or breaking glass.

In this way, the teenager shows society that he has matured. Although society itself understands that these actions are illegal, punishable and do not prove anything.

What is delinquent behavior?

The number of juvenile crimes is increasing. What is this connected with? With an inner understanding of who an adult is. After all, this is the main goal of every growing up guy or girl - to grow up. Only some people misunderstand this, which leads to illegal actions. What is delinquent behavior?

In this case, we are talking about an asocial, illegal action, which is aimed at causing harm to others, infringing on their rights, destroying property and social order. This concept comes from the Latin word “delictum”, which means “misconduct”.

In this case, teenagers commit offenses in relation to social norms and rules, the order established in society. Harm is aimed at destroying the social foundation that is accepted. The reasons for this behavior are varied, ranging from troubles in the family to communication with bad people.

It is necessary to distinguish delinquent behavior from deviant behavior. Not every behavior that deviates from social norms is criminal, but every criminal behavior is deviant.

Delinquent behavior is aimed at causing harm to society, and accordingly, it is punished by the state. Depending on the illegality of the offense, the teenager is punished through the courts or with administrative fines. If a teenager commits delinquent acts upon reaching adulthood, then he is called an antisocial person. If his actions are not punished by law, then he is simply an antisocial person.

It seems that all teenagers are criminals. However, different models of behavior must be distinguished. There are teenagers who simply dress brightly, do extravagant hairstyles, laugh loudly and listen to music at night. However, another category of teenagers are those who have promiscuous relationships, use drugs, and commit crimes.

Delinquent behavior is always associated with the law. A teenager or a group of people opposes the entire society. The main problem remains that different actions may or may not be subject to criminal punishment. The teenager commits acts that border on the law. When he crosses these boundaries, then he is punished according to all the rules of the law.

Delinquent and deviant behavior

All teenagers commit actions that are scary and destroy the image of “cute boys and girls” in the eyes of adults. We can say that the actions they perform are ways to find themselves in the world of adults. They used to be little, now they are training to be adults. It becomes obvious that teenagers copy the behavior of adults who commit crimes, drink, smoke, have sex, etc. It’s just that teenagers don’t see behind this other behavior that makes a person an adult (for example, making money, caring for others). This is why their behavior is deviant or delinquent.

These concepts should be distinguished. Delinquent and deviant behavior have a common feature - they contradict social rules and foundations. A teenager commits an action that causes harm. He can harm himself, other people, and the entire society.

The difference in these patterns of behavior lies in the extent to which state laws are violated. Roughly, the difference can be outlined as follows:

1. Deviant behavior is actions that contradict the morality, ethics, and ethics of the society in which a person is located.
2. Delinquent behavior is actions that cause physical or material harm to society or an individual, which is punishable by law.

Both behaviors are a consequence of the internal conflict that arises in a teenager who has desires and goals, but must balance his actions with the rules and laws of the state.

1. If a teenager achieves what he wants by violating the norms, etiquette, and standards of society, then his behavior is called deviant.
2. If a teenager asserts himself and becomes an adult through committing acts that are criminal, then his behavior is called delinquent. These actions are regulated by law.

It should be understood that repeated torts (illegal acts) become a habit, making a person a criminal (delinquent) who has constant problems with the law.

Delinquent behavior of adolescents

For teenagers, their friends are their influencers. Parents are already fading into the background, becoming one of the enemies. Communicating with a friend or group of friends forces you to look for common interests. You can follow the path of playing sports, becoming interested in music, or developing your physical strength. However, teenagers who do not have hobbies and interests develop other areas of common activity. This ultimately leads to the emergence of delinquent behavior in adolescents.

Usually children who have no interests or hobbies just hang out somewhere and watch movies. Such an idle image introduces them to bad habits and habits. They gradually begin to smoke, drink, inject drugs, sniff weed, etc. Often in such companies there appear bandits who perceive physical strength as the only means of achieving their goals and self-affirmation.

Depending on the qualities of character, temperament, interests and inclinations, a teenager chooses one path or another. Conditionally delinquent adolescents can be divided into three types:

1. Repentant - they have an urgent need to commit antisocial acts, but then begin to repent because of what they have done.
2. Unscrupulous - they not only feel the need to commit antisocial acts, but also do not feel remorse and do not repent. Often they act in a group where there is a leader who does nothing himself, but only leads the others.
3. Without boundaries - they deliberately go against the rules of society, committing criminal acts. They do not feel the boundary between what is permitted and what is punishable. Their views are cynical, and their actions are the most cruel.

Adolescent delinquency is a social problem, since in many ways the cause of illegal or immoral acts is the people around the teenager:

• The media, the state of the economy, the behavior of adults. Teenagers are impressionable and suggestible. If they see that people commit criminal acts and go unpunished, then they allow themselves to commit them too. If criminals are acquitted, then teenagers expect that they too will be pitied and acquitted if they do something.
• Family. Much depends on the situation in the family of the teenager’s parents or guardians. b, he is not understood, ignored, etc., then he naturally looks for other people who will give him what he wants. Criminals always grow up in dysfunctional families, or rather relationships, where he was constantly belittled, ignored or limited.
• Character qualities and moral values. Every teenager does things that are shocking. However, the limit that a teenager allows himself depends entirely on his character, temperament, views and values ​​that guide him. A teenager will not go against himself.
• Satisfaction of desires. If society does not allow a child to satisfy his desires in acceptable ways, then the teenager will be ready to commit an immoral act. The power of desire in any person is high.
• Availability of hobbies and level of intellectual development. If a teenager has no interests, hobbies and hobbies, then his leisure time becomes monotonous, monotonous, and boring. Illegal behavior somehow adds variety to his life. It was noted that the intellectual level of criminals is much lower than that of deviant teenagers. The easier the information that does not require intellectual comprehension, the better for those who are ready to use it.

Delinquent behavior in adolescents can be prevented. However, this prevention should be carried out starting from the birth of the child.

1. Firstly, you should deal with the upbringing and mental development of the child.
2. Secondly, the child should be interested in useful activities. It’s better to have a hobby that seems stupid than for a child to have nothing to do.
3. Thirdly, self-esteem should be increased, respect and attention should be paid to the child. All this will contribute to a conscious choice of friends in the future.
4. Fourthly, the child should be encouraged for good actions and offered options for achieving goals.
5. Fifthly, one should be accustomed to work, creating an atmosphere where the child will feel comfortable engaging in socially acceptable activities.

The influence of society, the media, schools and teachers should not be excluded. The child will encounter negative manifestations of people and the world. However, if the right values ​​and morals are instilled in a child, then they will control him and stop him when adolescence comes.

Forms of delinquent behavior

The most common and severe forms of delinquent behavior are:

• Addiction.
• Crime.
• Prostitution.

Criminal behavior of adolescents forces specialists to consider the child’s level of involvement in society, his involvement in various hobbies, as well as the prerequisites that prompted such behavior. There is no point in hoping for the complete disappearance of crime in society. Most likely, the existing foundations are not yet capable of nurturing and nurturing a healthy society.

The drug-addicted behavior of adolescents forces us to consider the marital status of the drug addict’s relatives, as well as his level of happiness. We can say that people who feel unhappy become drug addicts. The feeling of euphoria they experience after taking a dose is the only way they can relax and enjoy themselves. Sometimes teenagers indulge in drugs out of interest and curiosity.

Prostitution refers to sexual relations with people with whom a person is not in a marital relationship, does not have any love feelings for them, and receives payment for it. The appearance of prostitution among teenagers may be a consequence of the desire to earn money, self-doubt and low self-esteem, lack of support from relatives, and a form of receiving love.

Examples of delinquent behavior

If we consider examples of delinquent behavior, we can divide them into three groups:

1. Administrative violations. This can be any action that disturbs the peace of citizens: the use of obscene language, loud music at night, violation of traffic rules, insulting others, prostitution, drinking alcohol in public places, distributing pornography, etc.
2. Disciplinary offense. This includes actions that interfere with or violate work obligations: absenteeism without reason, coming to school/work in an intoxicated state, using drugs in the workplace, insulting schoolchildren, teachers, etc.
3. Crime. This includes actions that are punishable by law: theft, rape, vandalism, murder, kidnapping, fraud, car theft, trafficking in psychotropic substances or drugs, terrorism. If a person has not reached the age of majority, his punishment will be community service, referral to a specialized educational institution, or a severe reprimand.

Bottom line

Teenagers are especially dangerous if their actions are illegal. They do not yet fully understand the full responsibility of their own actions. They also succumb to outside influence when a teenager is controlled for selfish purposes. The result can be sad, since a teenager who does not change his behavior becomes a criminal, constantly facing law enforcement and punishment.

Parents should not miss the first moments of the appearance of delinquent behavior. If deviant behavior violates moral and ethical values, for which there is no punishment, then criminal actions turn the child into a future criminal. Parents should strictly stop this. If necessary, you can seek psychological help when the causes of delinquent behavior and ways to eliminate it are identified.

Delinquent behavior is asocial, illegal behavior, which manifests itself in such actions that cause harm to society, threaten the lives of other people and the general social order, and are criminally punishable. Comes from the Latin “delictum”, which translates as “misdemeanor”. This concept determines the meaning of this behavior, that is, delinquent behavior is behavior that denotes an offense against society, against social norms and rules. Various sciences, mainly social ones, study this behavior, because, first of all, it is expressed in offenses that affect the person’s environment, and, in general, has a negative impact on the social order, and the state is built from each person, therefore it is very It is important that order is maintained; for this purpose, crime prevention methods are used.

Delinquent and criminal behavior have a connection with each other; more precisely, criminal behavior is a form of delinquent behavior, and in most cases a criminal case is opened against such an offender.

Delinquent behavior is directly aimed at violating government norms and laws. In most cases, a teenage criminal is considered a delinquent, and when he reaches adulthood, he is called an antisocial person. The behavior of a delinquent can be in the form of minor violations, then it is called antisocial. When violations reach the level of a felony, it is considered criminal. Not all deviant behavior is delinquent, but all manifestations of delinquent behavior are deviant. The older generation believes that in the modern world all teenagers and young people are criminals, and often attribute various kinds of offenses to them. But they do not understand that there is a big difference between young people who simply walk for a long time, listen to music loudly, dress extravagantly, have flashy makeup and hairstyles, and those who spend their leisure time together drinking alcohol, hooliganism, delinquency, promiscuity and communicating with using obscene language.

Delinquent behavior is behavior that has a number of characteristics. It is special in that there is no clear boundary where the offense begins. For example, an adult who evades paying taxes, lies to government workers, also acts illegally, but no one calls him a delinquent. The second feature of delinquent behavior is its strict regulation by laws, legal norms, and disciplinary rules. The third feature is that of all types of deviations, it is the illegal that is considered the most serious, since it poses a threat to public order. And one more feature of delinquent behavior is that it always means a conflict between one individual or group of offenders and the rest of society, more specifically, between individual interests and aspirations, and the direction of society.

Delinquent and deviant behavior

Delinquent and deviant behavior describe behavior that is contrary to the rules of society, and there are differences between them. Deviant behavior is relative, referring exclusively to the cultural norms of one group, and delinquent behavior is absolute in relation to state norms.

For example, robbery on the street is considered a form of income and according to the law, such an action is considered a crime, even if it had a noble meaning, and this does not indicate deviation. is deviant, it characterizes actions that contradict the expectations, officially established rules, and those established in the social group in which the individual is located.

Delinquent behavior is behavior that is considered socially deviant; it refers to illegal acts that threaten life and social well-being. Such unlawful acts are called torts, and the offender himself is called a delinquent. His behavior may be regulated through laws, disciplinary rules and social norms. Often such control provokes even greater opposition. Therefore, no matter how much society strives to punish a delinquent, he will always do what he wants to the last. His actions are explained by the presence of an internal conflict between personal desires and the aspirations and demands of society.

In delinquent behavior, the measure of what is permissible is the law; in deviant behavior, it is the standards and norms of society, and in order to achieve what they want, they can use all sorts of means. Such individuals in the future become criminals, or delinquents who constantly have problems with crime.

Delinquent behavior of adolescents

Delinquent behavior of minors arises under the influence of one experienced friend or a group of teenagers who are not even antisocial, but have bad habits. A company in which teenagers are not engaged in any serious business, sports, art or diligent study of lessons, are busy only with watching films, discussing them, going to stores, in shopping centers and it happens that they get bored and look for more an interesting activity that united their company, but they cannot imagine that it could be, for example, sports. From boredom and idleness, they begin to see a way out in alcohol and drugs, which, in general, gives rise to delinquent behavior. But, naturally, not all teenagers are delinquents. There are those who are not at all interested in and are not keen on such activities. Much depends on the accentuation and individual words, which may be a prerequisite for the emergence of delinquency. Basically, adventurism and choleric temperament, the specificity of moral consciousness, contribute to the formation of delinquency. Such adolescents have special mechanisms for the functioning of their psyche, and for this reason they can be divided into three groups. Some of them, who can be called repentant, have primitive antisocial needs and certain moral rules. These needs are very strong, and under their pressure, they are positively resolved in their direction, and the moral level decreases. But after what they have done, their conscience will torment them.

Another group of teenagers are those who do not have internal conflict, do not repent of their actions and are not tormented by their conscience. They do not have internal moral restraint, so at every opportunity they realize their desires and asocial needs, and often the actions they do cross the line of socially acceptable norms, which is why they become rejected from society. Often such teenagers act in a group and they have a leader, who often does not commit the crime himself, but only directs what others should do.

Delinquent behavior of minors from the third group is the most dangerous. They oppose the moral norms of society absolutely consciously. Their views are cynical and their needs are very strong. They easily cross the boundaries of what is permitted, they simply do not see them, and commit a crime.

It is believed that the socio-economic reasons for delinquent behavior in adolescents are very significant. The destruction of public culture and the displacement of spiritual values, ethical and aesthetic standards into the background, problems of economics and finance in the country, the development of the shadow economy, illegal business, population migration, the dissemination of materials containing violence, cruelty, pornography, luxury by the media. Teenagers are very much influenced by any factors and information, but if they are presented with this information in such a light that excites their consciousness and psyche, they delve into everything and absorb these stimuli with great interest. They also see a certain illusory ideology of society, and consider it true, and borrow it into their life. This specific ideology encourages and even justifies a criminal way of life. Therefore, having committed a crime, a teenager feels protected, he thinks that he has an excuse and denies his responsibility for what he has done, since he has no psychological or moral barriers left at all, he felt freedom of action when he saw in some film or program that crime justified.

The reasons for delinquent behavior in adolescents also lie in family relationships. Such behavior can be caused by relationships with parents, or rather inadequate, bad relationships. Because of a quarrel in the house, a teenager can run away from school, skip school, fight, or commit a hooligan act. And it is precisely all the most serious actions that are caused not by the gang to which the individual belongs and their values, but precisely because of a misunderstanding of his home. Sometimes it is not such an open conflict that precedes escape as, on the contrary, the indifferent and indifferent behavior of parents in the life of a teenager.

Teenagers love attention very much, they are dependent on it, and the manifestation of indifference towards them from their loved ones becomes very painful and unbearable for them. If there are two generations under the same roof of a house, and they pretend that they do not notice each other, but only coexist together, neither supporting nor helping each other, nor giving emotional warmth and love, then sooner or later we should expect a conflict in this home. It’s like a time bomb, one way or another, someone has to go off, and if there is a child in this family, then most likely the responsibility for this will be on him, as the most sensitive and impressionable of all living together. Then the child begins to seek refuge where he will be accepted, often ending up in those groups that should be ignored, but it is they who offer something that he is simply unable to refuse and this is precisely what allows him to forget about all the bad things, about everything that was at home and it turns out to be just what you need. Of course, this refers to drugs or alcohol. And from that moment the teenager breaks all family relationships, spiritual ties and considers his new friends as his family, with whom he has so much fun, and with whom he can do such bold things that he has never dared to do and feels satisfaction from this (vandalism, hooliganism) . According to some sociologists, it is in wealthy families that similar problems are observed. In families where people concentrate on making money, and a child is brought into the world so that when they can no longer do so, he will continue to earn money. In such families there are no relationships, they do not communicate and perceive it as such that it should be so, that it has been and will be so. This is a modern trend, and it is observed more in Western countries. If family conditions are unfavorable and adolescents deny generally accepted norms of communication and behavior, they are exposed to criminal influence.

One of the most important causes of delinquency is an underdeveloped or distorted moral consciousness. Having once felt the need for alcohol or sex, and satisfied their desire, they begin to desire it very often and in immoderate quantities. Both the wretchedness of these needs and the indiscriminate way of satisfying them also become the reason that the circle of acquaintances and friends with whom they previously communicated is very narrowed, even those who were close and neighbors no longer want to have connections with them. But new friends appear, with whom they share a common pastime in the party. They do not have socially approved interests, activities, and do not attend sports clubs or clubs. Even their classmates do not communicate with each of such a company, and they must form into gangs from the dregs of society.

Often, the tendency to delinquency arises when a teenager is not accepted either at home or at school. Although teenagers never show it, in fact, the opinion of teachers is very important to them, they perceive them as significant loved ones, especially those who they like very much and when they do not receive feedback and support, they feel sad at first, but then a reaction follows anger and this anger leads to aggressive actions.

Cause of delinquency there may be a lot of free time. Since most potential delinquents do not like studying and do not engage in hobbies, their leisure time is primitive and monotonous. They can be occupied with new information, easy, which there is no need to intellectually process, and the transfer of this information to peers. Empty conversation about nothing, walking around shopping centers without a goal, watching TV - these are the first steps towards personality degradation, followed by alcoholic drinks, gambling, drugs, toxic substances and others, which make it possible to experience a new impression.

There is an opinion that only extroverts who are oriented towards the external environment and people become delinquents, because it is easier for them to join groups. But there are also introverts, they act on their own, thus resolving their internal conflicts.

Adolescent development occurs very intensively and quickly, and prevention of delinquent behavior must be carried out in time to prevent the formation of antisocial personality tendencies. In carrying out preventive work, it is important to accustom adolescents to the psychohygienic requirements of behavior, the ability to make the right choice, in order to achieve the state of a socially competent person. Uncontrolled deviant behavior is delinquent and occurs in a person incapable of... It is very important to begin the formation of personal and social maturity in adolescents with the development of positive behavior, accepting oneself in a positive light, developing the ability for critical thinking, the ability to set socially important goals and be responsible for one’s words and actions. In order for a teenager to learn to make adequate decisions and make the right choice, he must learn to control emotions, stress, his own state, and anxiety. Learn to resolve conflicts in cultural ways, without insulting or harming the enemy. Learn how to behave in the face of negative criticism, know adequate methods of self-defense. Be able to say “no” to yourself, resist bad habits and learn to respect your body and lead a healthy lifestyle.

Generally speaking, prevention is a system of public, state, social, medical, psychological and educational measures focused on prevention, neutralization of the main reasons and circumstances that act provocatively on the manifestation of social deviations in a teenager.

Prevention of delinquent behavior It will be truly effective if it is applied on the basis of: good performance at school, an emotionally positive and satisfying system of relationships with others, mainly those closest and dearest, and an important component of psychological protection. Compliance with all necessary conditions will ensure the harmonious development of the individual and minimize the occurrence of delinquent tendencies.

Prevention of delinquent behavior also has three approaches. According to the first, the formation of deviations in psychophysical development is prevented. The second prevents the transition of developmental deviations to more chronic forms. The third approach is the social and labor adaptation of deviant individuals.

Social pedagogy of prevention sees scientifically based and timely actions taken that are aimed at: preventing all possible (biological, psychological, social) circumstances and conditions of minors who are at risk; protection, maintenance and preservation of an acceptable standard of living and good health of the adolescent; helping a teenager in his own achievements of socially significant goals and revealing his potential, abilities, and talents. There is also a list of preventive measures: eliminating, compensating, controlling preventive work and preventing circumstances that can cause social deviations. The effectiveness of such activities will be high if several components are included with them: a focus on eradicating the causes of internal conflicts in a teenager and in the social and natural environment, at the same time creating conditions through which the teenager will gain the experience he needs to solve individual problems; learning skills that contributed to achieving goals; preventing the emergence of problems and solving existing ones, learning strategies for resolving conflicts.

In general, in the prevention of delinquent behavior, two main approaches can be distinguished that can best and promptly raise a teenager into a noble person - education and training.

Forms of delinquent behavior

Delinquent behavior exists in many forms, but the most common and severe are crime and prostitution.

When studying crime, researchers consider many factors that influence its dynamics. Among them: occupation, social status, level of education, degree of a person’s involvement in public life. Crime has a declassing factor; it means a weakening or complete destruction of the relationship between an individual and a social group. The question of the relationship between social and biological factors that influence the formation of preconditions for criminal behavior in a person is also being studied. Crime always exists and, perhaps, unfortunately, will exist in society; it cannot be eradicated, at least for now. A person is either born with genes in which he has a predisposition to commit crimes, and it can develop and manifest itself under the influence of certain factors, or the conditions of society and the circumstances of a person’s life push him to commit crimes. Therefore, crime is a kind of reflection of human vices. Perhaps society needs to forget about utopian ideas, about eradicating crime as a social pathology and keeping it at a socially tolerable and acceptable level.

Drug addiction is a very terrible phenomenon, because this scourge has destroyed a huge number of human lives and kills new victims every day. Drug addiction makes great sacrifices to society, and the full severity of its consequences is reflected on the individual himself, the quality of his life and his loved ones. And all the time people hope that they will find an effective way to combat it and, even more so, prevent it.

Sociological studies demonstrate results that reflect the main motives for drug use - the desire to experience special sensations and the thirst for euphoria. Statistics show that among novice drug addicts, the majority are young people, even teenagers, and due to the peculiarities of their growing up, the restructuring of the hormonal system, they experience vague sensations, and in order to calm the raging feelings, they begin to look for different ways of relaxation, among the most popular ones are smoking, alcohol and drug addiction. Immaturity, frivolity, company influence and carelessness were decisive factors in the emergence of addiction. Most drug use among young people occurs within a group, sometimes the only thing that unites these people is drugs, and not other common interests that are socially acceptable. Many drug addicts use drugs in crowded places, for example, on the streets, in a cinema, on the beach, in the yard; sometimes they want to take a dose so much that they don’t care where they are. Social, economic and cultural measures can be used against drug addiction, but medical, psychological and legal measures have the greatest impact.

Prostitution is also a form of delinquent behavior, but in some countries of the world they do not talk about it like that, it is equated with ordinary work. Prostitution is understood as the process of sexual relations with a person with whom they are not married and do not have love feelings or sympathies, and receive payment for them. It is important to distinguish that prostitution is neither extramarital sexual relations nor mercenary marital relations if the individuals sympathize with each other. The emergence of prostitution is associated with the distribution of labor, the development of megacities and monogamy. In our society, the fact of the presence of prostitution has been hidden for a very long time, and such a long concealment, and then exposure, has led many people into a state of horror. But what is forbidden always arouses unhealthy interest. It is known from history that there were three forms of policy towards prostitution. Prohibitionism is a ban, abolitionism is explanatory and educational work for preventive purposes, with the absence of prohibitions and registration and regulation, that is, registration and medical supervision. Then they evaluated all three methods and came to the conclusion that the bans had no impact, and the repressions were ineffective, and neither legal nor medical regulation could influence the eradication of the problem of prostitution.

Delinquent behavior examples

Examples of delinquent behavior are best described according to their types.

Types of delinquent behavior: administrative violations, disciplinary offense, crime.

Administrative crimes are manifested in petty hooliganism - obscene language in crowded places, offensive attitude towards others, this also includes traffic violations and other actions that disrupt public order and peace of people.

An example of delinquent behavior is the consumption of alcohol in public places, transport and actions committed in an intoxicated state, which insult the honor of citizens and destroy public morality. Prostitution, distribution of pornography, exhibitionism, as a crime, entails administrative punishment and liability under the law on administrative offenses.

A disciplinary act is a type of delinquent behavior, and is expressed in the unlawful failure or improper performance by a worker of his work duties, absenteeism without significant reasons, consumption of alcoholic beverages, drugs during working hours, coming to work under the influence of alcohol, violation of security rules, and entails constitutes a responsibility regarding labor legislation.

Crime, as the most dangerous type of delinquent crime, is expressed in actions that pose a danger to society. Prohibited under threat of punishment by the Criminal Code. Such acts include: murder, theft, kidnapping, car theft, terrorism, vandalism, rape, fraud, trafficking in drugs and psychotropic substances. These crimes, although not all are listed here, are most severely punishable under the Criminal Code. Depending on the severity of the act committed, different penalties are applied ranging from community service and minor fines, up to imprisonment. And they concern individuals who have reached the age of sixteen, sometimes fourteen. If the person who committed the crime has not reached the age required for criminal punishment, she is brought to educational responsibility (a severe reprimand, referral to a specialized educational institution, community service).

Delinquent and criminal behavior are the most dangerous because a delinquent teenager who commits criminal acts is very dangerous. He is very negative and distrustful towards society and the law does not stop him until he is punished by this law.

Torts can be civil: causing moral damage, damage to the property of a person or organization, discrediting the reputation of a legal entity or individual. Such actions are punishable by civil law.

Different types of delinquent behavior are subject to social condemnation and are also formalized by the state in legal norms, by describing the characteristics that characterize and define as violations, for which different types of liability are introduced in the legislation.