Presentation "symbolic painting of Hieronymus Bosch". In the world of Bosch's phantasmagoria Biography of Hieronymus Bosch

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Educational project

World History 8th grade While working on the project, you will get acquainted with the life and work of the brilliant Northern Renaissance artist Hieronymus Bosch, try to determine the relevance of his paintings in our time and examine in detail one of the artist’s paintings, delve into its deep meaning.

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Northern Renaissance

in the XV-XVI centuries. there was a flourishing of fine arts and architecture. This period in history was called the Renaissance. A distinctive feature of the era is the increased interest in ancient culture, its secular nature and increased interest in man and his activities. The Renaissance first arose in Italy. Leonardo da Vinci "Vitruvian Man"

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In northern Europe outside Italy, the Renaissance had a number of distinctive features. And therefore it had its own term - Northern Renaissance. Countries in which this direction developed: Germany, the Netherlands, France, Spain, England, Poland. The main differences of the Northern Renaissance: greater influence of Gothic art, less attention to the study of anatomy and ancient heritage, careful and detailed writing technique.

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Prominent representatives of the Northern Renaissance in Germany were Albrecht Durer and Matthias Grunewald. Albrecht Durer, “Self-Portrait” Matthias Grunewald “Isenheim Altarpiece”

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In the Netherlands and Flanders - Robert Kampen, Hugo van Goes and Jan van Eyck. Robert Campin "The Annunciation of Merode"

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Jan van Eyck was the grandfather of Hieronymus Bosch and was a remarkable Flemish painter of the Early Renaissance, a master of portraiture. One of his most famous works is “Portrait of the Arnolfini Couple”

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Biography of Hieronymus Bosch

Jeroen Antonison van Aken was born in the Dutch city of 's-Hertogenbosch around 1450. It is from the name of the city that the artist’s pseudonym takes its meaning: Bosch (according to the abbreviated name of his hometown Den Bosch). From childhood, Jerome grew up in a picturesque family that had its own workshop. Bosch was a member of the Brotherhood of Our Lady, a religious community founded in 1318. Jacques Le Boucq "Jerome Bosch"

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To date, 25 paintings by the artist and 8 drawings are known. The technique in which Bosch painted his paintings was called alla prima (an oil painting method in which the first strokes create the final texture). The main type of paintings are triptychs (works of art consisting of three paintings united by a common idea). Bosch signed only 7 of his paintings. The remaining names were given in museum catalogs.

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Symbolism

Dry trees, animal skeletons are a symbol of the devil and death; The owl is a symbol of stupidity, spiritual blindness, the ruthlessness of everything earthly, a bird that serves evil; Black birds are a symbol of sin; The arrow is a symbol of evil; An inverted funnel is a symbol of fraud or false wisdom. Hieronymus Bosch. Fragment from the triptych "The Temptation of Saint Anthony"

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Relevance of the paintings

The monk José de Siguenza said about Bosch: “The difference between the work of this man and the work of other artists is that while others try to depict people as they look on the outside, he has the courage to depict them as they are on the inside.” Bosch, like no other artist, raises in his paintings the theme of sin, human ignorance and stupidity, the theme of the Last Judgment and human punishment for sins. If Bosch in the 15th century saw people like this (stuck in the depths of lust and debauchery), has the worldview of people changed now?

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Fundamental question: Is man deteriorating from a moral point of view in modern society? Hieronymus Bosch. Fragment from the painting "The Seven Deadly Sins"

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Project work

Check out the artist's paintings and drawings. Divide into 3 groups depending on the type of artist’s work: Individual paintings; Folds (fragments) of unsurvived triptychs; Triptychs; Hieronymus Bosch. Fragment from the triptych "The Temptation of Saint Anthony"

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Work with a timeline and mark on it the main historical events of the 15th-16th centuries, biographical moments and approximate dates of paintings from the group category. Hieronymus Bosch. Fragment from the triptych "The Temptation of Saint Anthony"

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Choose one picture of your choice from the group, in view of the division, which can most clearly reflect the life of a modern person, show today’s values ​​and vices. Hieronymus Bosch. Fragments from the triptych "The Garden of Earthly Delights"

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Having carefully become acquainted with the history and the chosen painting, try to answer the problematic questions of the educational topic (from the point of view of the artist’s worldview and beliefs): Does God exist? What destroys a person? What are the ways to correct moral decay? What awaits a person after life? Does heaven and hell exist? What sins are the most destructive for a person?

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Study questions: Which paintings by Hieronymus Bosch can be called the most significant for modern people and why? What main symbols did the artist use in his paintings? How did historical events influence the themes of the artist’s paintings? Why does the chosen painting most clearly reflect the modern world? What is the relevance of the artist’s paintings today?

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The final project should be presented in the form of: a timeline (including important historical and biographical aspects, dates of paintings from the group); presentations about the painting. Hieronymus Bosch. The central part of the triptych “Cart of Hay”

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Use Internet resources to obtain all the necessary information and necessary programs. Communicate actively on social networks or chats; you should always be in contact with each other so that work on the project is not interrupted if possible. Hieronymus Bosch. Triptych "Garden of Earthly Delights"

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Work on the project is designed for 3 weeks and will allow not only to get closer to the Northern Renaissance era, the artist’s works, but also to draw an analogy between the themes of paintings and symbols in modern society, compare two different eras (XV and XXI centuries) and identify differences between them, and perhaps , and similar features. You will also be able to enrich yourself spiritually and, perhaps, change your attitude towards some things in life. Hieronymus Bosch "Extraction of the Stone of Folly"

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Assessment

Before working on the project: To divide into groups, you can use a questionnaire - Survey of 8th grade students in the project.doc During work on the project: - Table “Know-Interested-Can” - Table Z-I-U.doc After completing work on the project : - Presentation evaluation form – Presentation evaluation form.doc

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Presentation on the topic "Illusions and interpretations of Hieronymus Bosch" in fine arts in powerpoint format. This presentation for schoolchildren presents paintings and discusses the work of the artist Hieronymus Bosch. Presentation author: Alexander Ottovich Fesenko, fine arts teacher.

Fragments from the presentation

Bosch Hieronymus van Aken, (c. 1450/60–1516), great Netherlandish painter. He worked mainly in 's-Hertogenbosch in North Flanders. One of the most prominent masters of the early Northern Renaissance, Hieronymus Bosch, in his multi-figure compositions, combined sophisticated medieval fantasy with realistic innovations unusual for the art of his era. Bosch's style is unique and has no analogues in the Dutch painting tradition.

Illusion

(Latin illusio - delusion, deception) - a distorted perception of a really existing object or phenomenon.

Interpretation

individual interpretation by the performer of the performed work.

• There is reason to talk, even after five hundred years, about Bosch’s special view of life and reality.
• He stands apart not only among his contemporaries and fellow citizens, but also in general, which means we are dealing with a genius.
• The word illusory is hardly suitable in this case, but it is impossible to find a more suitable one. Bosch interprets life's pictures on his canvases cruelly and precisely. And we see that this is true.

• Carrying the cross. 1516.
• Crowning with a crown of thorns. 1490s - 1500s.
• Ship of fools. 1490s-1500s.
• Prodigal son. 1503.
• A cart of hay. 1500-1502.
• Tree Man in Landscape
• Temptation of Saint Anthony
• Monsters
• Saint Anthony.1500.
• Ascension. 1504.
• Carrying the cross. 1515-1516.

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Hieronymus Bosch "Professor Emeritus of Nightmares"

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Jeroen Anthony van Aken Hieronymus Bosch

Dutch artist MYSTERIOUS Master of the Northern Renaissance. In Bosch's hometown of 's-Hertogenbosch (he chose a truncated name of his hometown as a pseudonym), a center for Bosch's work has been opened, which displays copies of his works

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Autobiographical data Bosch is a medieval schizo painter, whose sick psyche painted things that still make quite healthy people go crazy. A.A. Yavorivov

The artists were Jan van Aken (Bosch's grandfather) and four of his five sons, including Hieronymus Bosch's father Antony; Jerome received his first lessons in painting in the family workshop; In 1478, his father died and Bosch inherited his art workshop; About 1480 he married Aleit Goyaerts van den Merwene; In 1486 he joined the Brotherhood of Our Lady ("Zoete Lieve Vrouw"), a religious society that arose in 's-Hertogenbosch (353 hours). In 1987 he was invited to decorate the carved altar of Our Lady and was awarded for helping to choose the model of the cross. At the end of his life, he carried out orders for the Burgundian court, which indicates his recognition by his contemporaries. Bosch was famous and revered. After the artist's death, the Spanish King Philip II (1527-1598) collected a large collection of his works in his residence-monastery of Escorial. Stylistically, his work is usually divided into early (1475-80), middle (1480-1510) and late (from 1510) periods.

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In 1516 THE LAST MOMENT and...

The lid of his coffin slammed shut in his native Bosch when he was 66 years old. Rumor attributes to him the words allegedly spoken a few moments before his death: “Give me light.” Hans Gaalfe, who led the excavations of Bosch’s grave in 1977, told reporters that the burial site was empty. Investigations of the tombstone led to an unexpected result: a fragment of stone placed under a microscope began to glow faintly, and the temperature of its surface suddenly increased by more than three degrees. The Church intervened in the research and demanded an urgent end to the desecration: since then, Bosch’s grave in St. John’s Cathedral has been inviolable. It only has the name of the artist and the years of his life engraved on it: 1450-1516. And above the grave is a fresco of his hand: a crucifix illuminated by a “strange greenish light.”

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Creativity Museums

Prado, Madrid Lazaro Galdiano Museum, Madrid Convent of San Lorenzo del Escorial Louvre, Paris Boijmans-van Beuningen Museum, Rotterdam Museum of Fine Arts, Ghent Royal Museum of Fine Arts, Brussels Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna Academy of Fine Arts, Vienna Albertina, Vienna Städel Art Institute , Frankfurt am Main Berlin Art Gallery, Berlin Engraving Cabinet, Berlin National Museum of Ancient Art, Lisbon Doge's Palace, Venice National Gallery of Art, Washington

About the paintings

The surviving heritage of Hieronymus Bosch includes 25 paintings and 8 drawings (new data for about 35 works). The paintings are triptychs, fragments of triptychs and independent paintings. Only 7 of Bosch's works are signed. History has not preserved the original names of the paintings that Bosch gave to his creations. The names we know are assigned to the paintings from catalogues.

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Individual paintings

“The Seven Deadly Sins and the Four Last Things” “Marriage at Cana” “The Magician” “Removing the Stone of Folly” (“Operation Folly”) “The Crowning of Thorns” Fragment of Bosch’s unsurvived triptychs “Ship of Fools” “Carrying the Cross” Bosch triptychs “Garden of the Earthly” pleasures" "A cart of hay"

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The Fall

Bosch Hieronymus (c. 1450/60–1516), great Netherlandish painter. He worked mainly in 's-Hertogenbosch in North Flanders. One of the most striking masters of the early Northern Renaissance, Hieronymus Bosch, in his multi-figure compositions, paintings on the themes of folk sayings, proverbs and parables, combined sophisticated medieval fantasy, grotesque demonic images generated by a boundless imagination with folklore, satirical and moralizing tendencies, with unusual for the art of his era realistic innovations. Poetic landscape backgrounds, bold life observations, aptly captured by the artist Hieronymus Bosch, folk types and everyday scenes paved the way for the formation of the Dutch everyday genre and landscape; the desire for irony and allegory, for embodiment in a grotesque-satirical form of a broad picture of folk life contributed to the formation of the creative style of Pieter Bruegel the Elder and other artists. Bosch

Bosch's style is unique and has no analogues in the Dutch painting tradition. The painting of Hieronymus Bosch is not at all similar to the work of other artists of that time, such as Jan van Eyck or Rogier van der Weyden. The work of Hieronymus Bosch is at the same time innovative and traditional, naive and sophisticated; it fascinates people with a feeling of some kind of mystery known to one artist. “Eminent master” - this is how Bosch was called in 's-Hertogenbosch, to whom the artist remained faithful until the end of his days, although his lifetime fame spread far beyond the borders of his hometown. And after death it increased immeasurably and did not decrease for quite a long time; The master's painting found an ardent admirer in the person of Philip II, King of Spain. Most of the subjects of Bosch's paintings are associated with episodes from the life of Christ or saints opposing vice, or are gleaned from allegories and proverbs about human greed and stupidity. The vivid authenticity of Bosch's works, the ability to depict the movements of the human soul, the amazing ability to draw a rich man and a beggar, a merchant and a cripple - all this gives him a very important place in the development of genre painting. Subsequently, the world of Bosch’s whimsical images was fueled by the fantastically romantic quest of many artists of the 19th and 20th centuries. Bosch's work seems strangely modern: four centuries later, his influence suddenly appeared in the Expressionist movement and, later, in Surrealism. Many artists of these styles of painting created canvases based on the plot of the painting The Temptation of St. Anthony.

It is believed to be an early work by Bosch: between 1475 and 1480. The composition, unique for Dutch painting, was undoubtedly formed as a result of the specific purpose of the board on which it was painted. Bosch's painting "The Seven Deadly Sins", painted in the early period, is defined by its functional purpose as a tabletop or font finial. The composition of symmetrically located circles and two unfolding scrolls, where quotes from Deuteronomy prophesy with deep pessimism about the fate of humanity, is unique. In the circles are Bosch's first depiction of Hell and the singular interpretation of Heavenly Paradise. The seven deadly sins are depicted in segments of God's all-seeing eye in the center of the composition; they are presented in a distinctly moralizing manner. This work is one of Bosch's most clear and moralizing works and is equipped with detailed quotations from Deuteronomy that explain the meaning of what is depicted. The words inscribed on the fluttering scrolls: “For they are a people who have lost their minds, and there is no meaning in them” and “I will hide my face from them and see what their end will be,” define the theme of this picturesque prophecy.

On the Madrid board, Bosch depicted the “earthly” temptation of Saint Anthony, when the devil, distracting him from meditation, tempted him with earthly goods. At the end of his creative career, Bosch creates several versions of “The Temptation of Saint An”, preparatory drawings for both known and unknown compositions. Anthony is beyond the reach of evil spirits. His round back and pose, closed with intertwined fingers, speak of an extreme degree of immersion in meditation. A person who has no idea about medieval Christian mysticism, about asceticism, renunciation of worldly goods and the world as such, should feel the mood of a saint. Even the devil in the form of a pig stood calmly next to Anthony, like a tamed dog. Scientists compare the painting “Saint Anthony” or otherwise “The Temptation of Saint Anthony” with Durer’s famous engraving “Melancholy”. It is noteworthy that the word “melancholy” then meant a tendency not only to sadness, but also to reflection. Bosch's depiction of the internal conflict of a person reflecting on the nature of Evil, about the best and the worst, about the desired and the forbidden, resulted in a very accurate picture of vice. Anthony, with his strength, which he receives by the grace of God, resists a barrage of vicious visions, but can an ordinary mortal resist all this?

Hieronymus Bosch. Hell. Right wing of the triptych Garden of Earthly Delights. Near Prado. Madrid.

Hieronymus Bosch. A cart of hay. Wood, oil. Prado. Madrid. Bosch's main masterpieces are large altar triptychs, the earliest of which is considered to be “The Hay Wain”. An ordinary cart of hay against the backdrop of a fantastic landscape solemnly and inexorably moves towards the final goal of Hell. An old Dutch proverb says: “The world is a cart of hay, everyone tries to grab as much as they can from it.”

Hieronymus Bosch. Ship of fools. Near the Louvre. Paris. Hieronymus Bosch () at the beginning of his creative career wrote genre and allegorical scenes, full of rough humor, written in the detailed pictorial manner of Dutch artists. The painting “Ship of Fools” is full of obvious and implicit symbolism. Gluttony, self-indulgence, and lust make up a bunch of vices.