Mutual influence of economics and politics presentation. Interaction between economics and politics
The economy affects: Population affects: The birth rate; To the economic level; Depends: On material wealth; From the total population; Providing housing; Population density; Degree of women's involvement in production Population growth rate Study of the relationship between the total population and its growth rate with the economic development of society.
For example, the birth rate in European countries with transition economies (Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic) in the 1920s. fell sharply, which is associated with the deterioration in living standards that accompanied economic reforms. In Russia too.
In the conditions of socio-economic transformations in Russia, the collapse of previous social relations, people and groups are trying to develop new niches for social and economic survival. A feature of recent years of development has been growing. Society is a tendency to increase economic differentiation, expressed in the division of society into groups with different incomes, standards of living and consumption.
Excessive income inequality poses a major threat to political and economic stability in the region. Development of Russia in 2010 led to significant differences in incomes. The market system gives preference to some social strata and, conversely, punishes others. If this system is not corrected, then it acts in the interests of the minority of the society (elite) and against the majority.
In modern industrialized countries, welfare systems are being created, that is, income is redistributed in favor of the poorer and disadvantaged layers, social security systems are being created (pensions, medical insurance, poverty benefits, etc.)
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Slide 1
Economy and social environment: relationship and mutual influence
Slide 2
The architects of Russian reforms underestimated the fact that society is a single organism in which all systems and parts are closely interconnected and interact
Slide 3
The state of affairs in the economy cannot but depend on the state and development of other spheres of social life: ideology, politics, administration, culture, science, the education system, the state of morality and behavior of people.
Slide 4
Does politics take precedence over economics?
Economics has always been considered as the basis on which the ideological, political, and cultural superstructure rests. It was believed that material existence determines the consciousness of people and the role of the superstructure. In the course of market reforms, in our country and in other countries, an inverse relationship is emerging: the undoubted primacy of ideology and politics over economics.
Slide 5
Political choice and the will of the ruling authorities determine the general direction and stages of changes in the economy. Success is ensured by correct political decisions, efficiency and competence of public administration.
Slide 6
The power of ideas
Every policy is based on certain ideological principles, and ideology is formed on the basis of certain theoretical concepts perceived by the ruling class and propagated by it through the media. The ideas that dominate society, even if they are erroneous, can dominate minds for a long time, guide politics, shape the economy, and determine the social structure.
Slide 7
The difference between knowledge about society and nature
Knowledge of the laws of nature helps a person to influence it, but cannot abolish these laws. The object of research exists regardless of the state of science. In society the situation is different. The laws formulated by scientists, even when their knowledge is false, can be adopted by government policy and subjugate the behavior of millions of people until the fallacy of the policy reveals itself.
Slide 8
Ideas rule the world
John Maynard Keynes wrote that the ideas of economists and political scientists, whether true or false, are more influential than is commonly believed. It is unlikely, he noted, that the world is ruled by something else
Slide 9
Ideas that have captured the masses can change the very nature of society. History knows of social deformations caused by untenable ideas. The truth that remained unrecognized or unknown ultimately prevails, but often at the cost of destructive upheavals.
Slide 10
Russian liberal fundamentalism, which underlies our reforms, is increasingly revealing its inconsistency. There is a growing understanding in the mass consciousness that this cannot continue for long. Both ideology and politics need to be revised. The social orientation of development has become an imperative.
Slide 11
Modern capitalism is forced, in the name of social peace and the consolidation of society, to give economic development an increasingly social orientation. It is no coincidence that a social model of capitalism has emerged in Europe, which is very different from the neoliberal one.
Slide 12
Government expenditures as %% of GDP 1913-1998
Slide 13
This orientation required the accumulation of human capital, determined by the education, qualifications, and health of working people. It has become the key to competitiveness. Without this, it is impossible to increase the social potential of the nation, which is characterized by the degree of people’s trust in the socio-economic system, in the authorities, and in the spiritual and moral state of society.
Slide 14
In the Constitution of the Russian Federation, our state is defined as social. One can only guess what the drafters of the constitution had in mind. Did they have a desire to maintain continuity with the socialist past, or an intention to sweeten the upcoming restoration of capitalism?
Slide 15
15 years of our reforms do not indicate the social orientation of the economy. Meanwhile, the construction of a social state in Russia, to a much greater extent than the restoration of capitalism, corresponds to the psychology of people and the historical experience of the previous era.
Slide 16
The choice of a welfare state model means: * Preservation of the social gains of the vulgar and important regulatory role of the state; * Preventing a gap between the poor and the rich, the absence of poverty, high unemployment; *Equal opportunities to realize one’s abilities, obtain an education and ensure a decent standard of living through one’s work.
Slide 17
*Ensuring democratic procedures for making the most important government decisions, honestly informing the public about the state of affairs in the country, supporting civil society institutions, expanding media freedom and criticizing negative phenomena in society.
Slide 18
The social orientation of development, the growing role of the state in the redistribution of GDP and the provision of social guarantees to the population are the dictates of the time, a necessary prerequisite for the successful recovery of the economy and its competitiveness.
Slide 19
Uncritical borrowing of Western models of political and economic structure and ignoring one’s own experience led to serious complications in the post-socialist transformation.
Slide 20
Political structure. As the economy suffers from bad policies, the effectiveness of the political system becomes key. How can it be built so that it best contributes to social stability, the rule of law, the selection of worthy leaders, and economic, spiritual and moral progress?
Slide 21
It would seem that authoritarianism has been condemned by history and democratization has become the call of the times. Nevertheless, there are decorative, controlled democracies that ignore the will of the people. An immature society can be manipulated with the help of modern election technologies and media. Imitation of a democratic system deprives the political system of effectiveness and public trust.
Slide 22
Only democratic mechanisms of checks and balances, separation of legislative, executive and judicial powers, and the development of civil society guarantee against arbitrariness and errors in public administration.
Slide 23
The underestimated role of administrative relations
Due to the increasingly complex and growing role of the state in society, the improvement of administrative relations, which develop according to their own, non-market laws, is of particular importance. Bureaucracy, even in market conditions, remains an influential force on which much depends.
Slide 24
The nature of administrative relations is determined not only by departmental instructions, but also by the personal connections of officials, their competence, integrity, honesty, likes and dislikes. It’s bad when purely personal qualities and careerism begin to prevail over business ones. Favoritism, corporatism, nepotism and behavior dictated by loyalty to superiors are counterproductive for the economy.
Slide 25
Hardware rearrangements
New administrative relations take years to develop, and the main condition for success is the selection and cultivation of competent and incorruptible managers. The Russian reform itch, the frequent shake-up of governments and management structures, is resulting in large and unnecessary losses.
Slide 26
It is characteristic that the latest research on the competitiveness of countries in the global economy classifies the quality of public administration, competence and honesty of those in power as its main indicators.
Slide 27
“The basis of the Japanese miracle of the 50s and 60s was the existence of an extremely efficient and impartial civil service system that developed economic and trade policies.” Source: “Trade policy and the importance of joining the WTO for the development of Russia and the CIS countries: World Bank Institute. Publishing house "The Whole World". M., 2006, p.79.
Slide 28
Does culture drive the economy?
Culture is the spiritual and material wealth accumulated by humanity, serving the further development of each individual and the progress of society. The everyday idea of spiritual culture is associated with literature, art, education, science, religion, and morality. Today's knowledge-driven economy is the product of a high level of general culture.
Slide 29
But the concept of culture includes the everyday and behavioral culture of people. Its impact on the economy is very large, although it is usually not taken into account. The lack of an elementary sense of solidarity and mutual assistance, disrespect for laws, naked selfishness, the desire for profit to the detriment of others and even the whole society is a typical picture of our life.
Slide 30
Highways serve as a mirror of the behavioral culture of Russians. There is no trace of respectful attitude of drivers towards each other and pedestrians, equality of traffic participants before the general rules. It is no coincidence that Russia leads, compared to Western countries, in accidents and accidents on the roads. The economy suffers huge losses from this.
Slide 31
The rudeness, rudeness, anger, and hostility that people encounter at home and outside the home can ruin their mood for a long time. They poison the social climate and affect the quality and productivity of labor. While such a behavioral “culture” prevails, it is necessary to force people to comply with the rules of society and obey the law, using the authority of the authorities.
Slide 32
Does the market need morality?
The thirst for profit generated by the market and brutal competition can lead to savagery and inhumanity if market relations are not introduced into the strict framework of law and moral requirements. “Some top managers,” wrote former German Chancellor G. Schmidt, “have forgotten all decency. Brutal predatory capitalism threatens... society.”
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“Economy during the war years” - Foreign Policy. Currency reform December 14, 1947 http://www.pobediteli.ru./. June 1944 - opening of the second front. Military economy of the USSR 1941 - 1945. Sources of post-war economics. growth. 27 million people died. Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina - became part of the USSR in 1940. North Atlantic (to the ports of Murmansk, Severomorsk, Arkhangelsk, Molotovsk (since 1957
Slide 2
Economic policy
Politics (from the Greek Politiko) is the art of governing. Economic policy is an interconnected system of long-term and current economic development goals that are determined by the state, as well as a set of measures aimed at achieving economic goals using state power in the economic sphere.
Slide 3
The history of economic policy is as old as the history of the economy itself, the history of the state. Regardless of the type of economic system, the main subject of economic policy is the state. Therefore, economic policy is always state economic policy. Its goals, tools and mechanisms are inextricably linked with the general functions of the state, the type of economic system, the specific state of the national economy, world market conditions, and the international situation.
Slide 4
Directions
In economic policy, separate areas are distinguished, also called policy, for example: monetary, fiscal, foreign exchange, industrial policy, etc.
Slide 5
Economic policy goals
In the course of implementing economic policy, the country pursues various goals. For a developed market economy, this is primarily: economic growth, full employment, low inflation, positive balance of payments, increasing economic efficiency, increasing the well-being of the population, maintaining a high degree of economic freedom for all economic entities, preserving and improving the natural environment and other goals.
Slide 6
In a transition economy, these are added: creation of the private sector and market infrastructure, liberalization of economic life, etc.
Slide 7
Conclusion
The problem is that many economic policy goals conflict with each other. Thus, an active fight against inflation usually means a drop in economic growth and increased unemployment. Therefore, depending on the situation, the priority of goals in economic policy may change. Usually it depends on which of them turn (can turn) into “sore” ones.
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