Vacuum pump for pumping air: buy, device, air. Do-it-yourself vacuum pump.

Vacuum pumps are designed to remove air and gases from large volumes and have recently been used in everyday life. With their help, you can organize the storage of products and things in vacuum packages, pickle meat products, pump out gas and steam, as well as liquid. You can buy such an interesting mechanism, although it is quite expensive, but you can do it yourself. Consider the second option - how to make a vacuum pump with your own hands.

Application

Such devices in everyday life are used to create a vacuum in plastic packaging for storing food and things. When air is aspirated, the container volume decreases, the shell tightly fits the product. With such storage, food does not deteriorate for a long time, and can be stored for some time without freezing.

When storing things or other soft textile products (blankets, pillows, rugs), there is a noticeable compaction, things become compact, take up less space. With this method of storage, things become inaccessible to moths or molds.

Using a vacuum pump, it is possible to cover parts made of wood, plywood and other building materials with a laminating film.

A vacuum pump is used for household removal of gases, steam and liquids, to restore the tightness of household appliances. As well as in split systems of air conditioners and during the operation of brake systems in vehicles.

Conversion of cuff pump

Any cuff pump is useful for alteration, you can even take a bicycle one. However, preferable is still automobile, since with its conversion there will be less trouble.

The sequence of actions for modernization with your own hands looks like this:

1. The car pump spins up.
2. The cuffs are removed and turned the other way around.
3. Then the device is assembled, the only difference is that the cuffs are deployed in the opposite direction.
4. At the inlet to the pump, where the hose is screwed through which air will be pumped out, the check valve is screwed. The valve should work, passing air from the tank to the device, but not back. It can be bought or removed from the compressor for the aquarium. Before installation, blow into it. The side that does not let air through is screwed to the pump, the other to the tube.

The capacity of such a mechanism is not enough to obtain deep vacuum conditions, however, for domestic needs it will be quite enough.

Compressor conversion

A larger vacuum pump is obtained from compressors of household appliances, for example, a refrigerator or an air conditioner. For proper assembly of the device with your own hands, these steps are necessary:

1. The compressor is freed from the condenser and evaporator. To do this, have a bite to eat the copper tubes that connect the appliances.
2. Ensure that the compressor is properly connected to the network.
3. A fine filter is attached to the compressor inlet; it can be purchased at the car dealership.
4. We attach a flexible hose of the appropriate diameter to the inlet of the device.
5. The compressor is connected to the network and begins to function as a sufficiently powerful vacuum pump.

It is impossible to pump out air with a high content of water vapor with such a pump, this is fraught with a breakdown of the compressor. For such purposes, the apparatus is additionally equipped with a receiver and a sump, which together will serve as a drying device.

In the same way, with your own hands, you can convert a simple aquarium mechanism - a compressor, disassembling it and dismantling the check valves, which have already been mentioned in connection with the transformations of a car pump. Swap the valves, then instead of pumping air, the compressor will pump it out.

Medical syringe conversion

There are also reasons for such an invention - curious children or small volumes of liquid and gas that need to be pumped out. To make the device yourself, you will need the following set of parts:

1. Plastic tee.
2. A flexible plastic tube matching the diameter of the inlet of the syringe and the holes of the tee.
3. Two aquarium check valves.
4. Medical syringe, the larger its volume, the more powerful the pump will be.

We cut a plastic tube into segments of 10 centimeters in size and attach to the tee. The tubes must tightly and tightly fit the nose of the tee, so as not to come off when working under pressure. We leave two opposite tubes alone. To the third, which is located at right angles, we attach the nozzle of the syringe. Thus, the design is a tee with two pieces of hoses, allotted in different directions and a syringe located at right angles to the allotted ends.

The next step is the installation of check valves. Usually they have a marking and a pointing arrow. We insert one of the valves so that the arrow points from the tee, the second one. So that the arrow points to the tee. In general, the system will resemble an input-output pointer.

The hand pump is ready. They can be diverted water from one vessel to another by immersing one valve in water and the other in a container where it is supposed to pump liquid. In this case, the pointing arrows are guides. A valve with a pointer to a tee is immersed in the liquid. With the movements of the plunger of the syringe we can make the system work.

Low vacuum pump

Such a pump operates on a centrifugal principle. It is difficult to do it yourself, however, if you have a familiar welder and turner, it is quite possible. To create it, you need to have a cylindrical body into which a shaft with a paddle wheel is inserted. When the liquid is supplied, the rotation of the impeller begins and, under the influence of centrifugal force, a vacuum is inevitably created in the center of the device.

The mechanism is driven by an electric motor. The impeller wheel is not set completely in the center to allow forcing and pushing gas through the system. The disadvantage of the system is that the liquid with which the process is carried out (more often it is water) is constantly heated and it has to be changed.

Such a pump is provided with inlets through which water enters and outlets through which gas is discharged.

Mechanisms operating in this way are used in large enterprises, as well as in agriculture, to remove gases with a large amount of suspended matter in the form of dust and sand. For continuous operation, a gas outlet, a constant water supply and a motor cooling system are provided.

The simplest vacuum pump

Since the simplest vacuum pump may be needed at any time, you can make it in the most elementary way from plastic bottles of different diameters. It will be a primitive vacuum pump, a home-made manual mechanism.

For manufacturing you will need:

1. Two bottles that easily fit together. One of them will be a piston, so you need to pick up bottles that are not too different in diameter, otherwise you will have to make a serious layer of sealant on the inside.
2. Hose from a bicycle pump.

For a larger bottle, cut off the top. We make holes in the bottom of a smaller bottle. We insert the bottles into each other, on the inner bottle we make a sealant from adhesive tape, if necessary. Screw the bicycle pump hose into a large bottle, in the opposite direction. So he will pump air when the piston moves from a small bottle.

That is an ordered stream. The location of coordinates is similar to the location of volumetric pumps 760 mm RT. But it increases as the vacuum grows. 8. Pump specifications may also be indicated for normal gas conditions. As the vacuum grows. In this category of pumps. And the attractiveness of the yield curve is similar to that of other categories of pumps. The flow of auxiliary fluid is constant in the medium vacuum region. Under these conditions, the allowable tolerance for the flow is 10%. The suction air flow is considered to be attenuated in an appropriate vacuum.

The main types of vacuum pumps:

1. Water ring devices - work is ensured by immersion in a fluid of a mechanism, which, rotating, creates a vacuum in the center of the chamber of the blade mechanism.
2. Rotary vane  Vacuum devices are usually two-chamber, and operate on the principle of pumping gases from one chamber to another, which is ensured by the operation of the rotor mechanism.
3. Diaphragm piston  vacuum apparatuses - vacuum injection is ensured by the operation of the piston system; during compression, the gas is discharged outside the chamber through the valve, which ensures a decrease in pressure in the chamber and the arrival of a new portion. Such piston pumps are among the most silent and versatile.

Vacuum pump in the home

Vacuum pumps are designed to create a rarefied space in separate volumes. It can be either plastic bags in which you are going to store food or warm clothes, or Split systems of air conditioners. The system of vacuum braking in vehicles significantly increases the life of the vehicle.

At first glance, it seems that there is no urgent need for vacuum systems in everyday life. And indeed it is. However, try to assemble the simplest vacuum pump with your own hands and you will be surprised how many ways to use it.

For the implementation of most chemical processes, it is necessary to create certain conditions, one of which is the lack of pressure inside a separate system. It is based on a vacuum pump. This device is used in many areas of production: chemical, oil and gas and other types of industry, where through it air is pumped out in a closed system, thereby bringing the pressure level to zero.

The vacuum pump works according to the following principle: its moving part periodically changes the volume of the inner chamber. A fairly wide variety of similar devices are presented on the modern market, differing in design, purpose, a number of technical parameters, and so on. For example, the working part has several options depending on the type of pump.
  That is why it is worth considering what products are and what are the features of each of them.

Types of Vacuum Pumps

The following types of vacuum pumps can be found on the market today:

Plastic rotary with oil seal

This pump has the advantage over other similar units in that it creates a vacuum in the range from 0.1 to 800 mbar. At the same time, in one hour of operation, the device pumps out from 4 to 1600 cubic meters. air.

The pump is based on a rotor. It is he who is responsible for pumping air. 2 plates are attached to the rotor, pressed against the side walls by means of springs.

The most popular is a two-stage plastic rotary pump. Due to the presence of 2 chambers (air is supplied first to the first and then to the second, after which it enters the output manifold), such an aggregate creates a more rarefied medium. However, single-stage pumps find their application.

Dry rotary vane or oil-free

The vacuum created by the pump is in the range of 100-1013 mbar. In an hour, the unit pumps out from 3 to 500 cubic meters. air. A feature of such a device is that its operation does not require oil. That is, all evacuated air is not further contaminated with oil vapors. In addition, it is not necessary to regularly treat structural elements with grease.

In the latter, the main drawback of such pumps lies precisely. First of all, the lack of lubrication affects performance. In addition, the unit heats up faster, which means that it should be turned off for a while to cool. And, in the end, the owner often has to change the working blades.

A dry rotary vane pump is used mainly in those areas where it is necessary to exclude the possibility of oil droplets falling onto products (food production, printing, and so on).

Cam

Cam pumps are capable of creating a vacuum of up to 200 mbar. Their productivity is 950 m3 / h. Such sediments evacuate air with the help of 2 "cams" rotating relative to each other. Between them moves the working environment.

Like the previous ones, cam pumps do not require lubrication. Therefore, they have similar limitations: they quickly heat up, frequent replacement of elements and a low level of vacuum created.

Water ring

In an hour, water ring units pump out up to 300 cubic meters. air, creating a vacuum in the range from 33 to 1013 mbar. They have a simple construction and are able to work with contaminated and hazardous flows.
  Despite the fact that such pumps are the first such invention, they are still not out of use. At the same time, water supply and a sufficiently large amount of electricity are required for their operation.

The design of the unit includes a round drum, in which a rotor with mounted blades is located. To operate the pump, it is necessary to partially fill this drum with water. When it turns on, the liquid is distributed along the walls under the action of centrifugal force.

The rotor itself is located at some distance from the central part of the drum, due to which a cavity is formed around it, divided by the blades into several cells. After starting the pump, the rotor begins to move, due to which a pressure difference arises between the indicated cells, due to which air is sucked in.

Piston

Piston pumps are usually compact in size. The performance of such units is measured in liters per minute and is in the range of 3.3-78. Despite their dimensions, piston pumps create a fairly good level of vacuum, and are also able to replace the compressor.

Among the disadvantages of such devices emit a high level of noise created during operation. In addition, the pistons that are responsible for the change in pressure quickly fail. The scope of such pumps are usually research and development.

How to choose a vacuum pump

  When choosing a vacuum pump, attention should be paid to its main characteristics:

Pressure

The pump parameters indicate 3 types of pressure:

• Exit pressure, or pre-vacuum. This indicator is important at the outset.
• Working. It is an input indicator, determined depending on the specific conditions in which the work is carried out.
• The ultimate, or ultimate. The pressure level obtained in closed containers.

Speed

It shows the amount of air pumped out per unit of time at a given pressure.

The volume of fluid required to cool the pump.

Power consumption

This indicator demonstrates both the level of electricity consumption and the amount of liquid used for cooling.

When deciding on the choice of a pump, it is first necessary to understand for what specific purposes the apparatus will be used. It is also important to find out what pressure is required, and with what volumes of air the device will work.

For example, piston pumps have a fairly simple design, are easy to use and are capable of pumping flows that contain a small amount of liquid. Due to such features, they are in demand in the chemical industry. In addition, piston pumps are suitable for industries where it is necessary to set the pressure at the level of 5-100 mm Hg. Art.

For distillation, drying and other similar processes, rotary oily devices are used. The main feature of such devices is that they are able to create reduced pressure (starting from 0.001 mmHg) and pump out air in large volumes. Additionally, such pumps are equipped with gas ballast or other equipment. However, an important condition for their operation is the complete absence of any liquid in the pumped out air.

One of the most popular is the rotary vane pump. They are less demanding on operating conditions, easy to handle. In their design, plates are provided by which it is possible to remove large masses of air. Such pumps are often used in the chemical industry to create a preliminary vacuum.

Prices for vacuum pumps for pumping air

Since the market offers a fairly wide range of vacuum pumps, respectively, their price between individual models can vary significantly. Today, the cheapest unit is estimated at about 2-3 thousand rubles. At least 5 thousand rubles will have to be paid for a water ring pump.

For example, the device NVR-16DM, capable of pumping up to 16 liters in one second, will cost 35 thousand rubles. 10 times cheaper (3.5 thousand rubles) is 2NVR-01D. True, he pumps only 0.12 liters per second. Between them, at the price, you can position the BBH1-0.75 unit. Its cost is 15 thousand rubles, and the maximum productivity is 0.75 cubic meters / min.

Video demonstration of the vacuum pump